Table 2 Comparison of semen parameters among COVID-19 positive patients and negative patients in the longitudinal study.

From: COVID-19 infection was associated with poor sperm quality: a cross-sectional and longitudinal clinical observation study

Semen parameters

COVID-19 positive patients

COVID-19 negative patients

t/Z*

P*

t/Z**

P**

N

Before

X ± S/M(IRQ)

After

X ± S/M (IRQ)

Δd

X ± S/M (IRQ)

t/Z

P1

N

Former

X ± S/M(IRQ)

Latter

X ± S/M(IRQ)

Δd

X ± S/M(IRQ)

t/Z

P2

Semen volume (ml)

140

3.05 (1.6)

3.00 (1.75)

-0.18 (1.12)

-1.957

0.050

149

3.20 (1.65)

3.20 (1.20)

0.38 ± 1.04

-0.322

0.748

-0.454

0.650

-1.938

0.053

Sperm concentration (×106/ml)

140

54.18 (67.74)

48.21(60.95)

-5.83 (51.53)

-1.846

0.065

149

41.20 (48.34)

57.40 (64.52)

11.79 ± 44.53

-3.490

<0.001

-2.249

0.025

-2.384

0.017

Total sperm count

140

173.63 (226.13)

131.80 (215.93)

-20.49 (177.94)

-2.361

0.018

149

143.79 (200.60)

197.15 (247.27)

3.37 (17.96)

-3.485

<0.001

-1.517

0.129

-2.896

0.004

Grade A sperm (%)

140

8.50 (13.77)

2.61 (8.78)

-3.18(8.83)

-6.614

<0.001

149

6.47 (10.52)

8.05 (11.99)

1.36 ± 8.68

-1.804

0.071

-1.215

0.224

-5.536

<0.001

Progressive motility (%)

140

24.88 ± 14.97

19.82 ± 13.68

-5.07 ± 11.94

5.020

<0.001

149

20.93 (17.27)

25.46 (21.78)

2.95 ± 11.79

-2.531

0.011

-1.704

0.090

-3.278

0.001

Total motility (%)

140

32.25 ± 18.69

26.64 ± 17.35

-5.62 ± 14.30

4.646

<0.001

149

25.00 (20.84)

31.50 (26.86)

4.29 ± 13.79

-3.165

0.002

-2.253

0.024

-2.651

0.008

Normal sperm morphology (%)

27

3.41 ± 3.26

3.30 ± 2.15

-0.11 ± 2.61

0.221

0.826

40

2.00 (2.00)

3.00 (3.00)

0.00 (2.75)

-0.149

0.881

-0.964

0.335

-0.890

0.373

Immature sperm nucleoprotein (%)

18

36.39 ± 14.90

36.17 ± 13.95

-0.22 ± 9.05

0.104

0.918

32

42.00 (28.25)

36.00 (28.00)

1.00 (15.50)

-0.471

0.638

-0.768

0.442

-0.334

0.738

Sperm DFI (%)

28

26.49 ± 18.54

32.10 ± 21.30

5.61 ± 13.71

-2.166

0.039

42

37.86 ± 20.97

33.06 ± 18.81

-4.80 ± 15.11

2.060

0.046

2.327

0.023

0.198

0.843

  1. P1: p value for comparison of semen parameters between the samples taken before and after onset of the disease in COVID-19 positive group.
  2. P2: p value for comparison of semen parameters between the former samples and latter samples of the COVID-19 negative group.
  3. p* : p value for comparison of semen parameters between the before-infection samples of the COVID-19 positive group and the former samples of the natural negative control group.
  4. p**: p value for comparison of semen parameters between the after-infection sample of the COVID-19 positive group and the latter samples of the natural negative control group.
  5. DFI: DNA fragmentation index.
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