Table 1 Sleep domains and confounding factors in women and men with and without obesity.

Sleep health

domains

Alertness

Healthy

44.96(40.97–49.01)

58.16(56.00-60.30)

< 0.001

38.04(30.86–45.78)

52.51(43.24–61.61)

< 0.001

53.80(49.47–58.07)

62.66(53.42–71.07)

0.26

Not-healthy

55.04(50.99–59.03)

41.84(39.70–44.00)

61.96(54.22–69.14)

47.49(38.39–56.76)

46.20(41.93–50.53)

37.34(28.93–46.58)

Sleep satisfaction

Healthy

58.12(54.07–62.06)

63.64(61.52–65.71)

< 0.01

53.10(47.63–58.50)

59.29(48.65–69.12)

0.04

62.06(52.76–70.56)

67.76(56.99–76.93)

0.29

Not-healthy

41.88(37.94–45.93)

36.36(34.29–38.48)

46.90(41.50-52.37)

40.71(30.88–51.35)

37.94(29.44–47.24)

32.24(23.07–43.01)

Sleep timing

Healthy

54.19(50.13–58.19)

51.80(49.62–53.97)

0.36

52.16(48.39–55.90)

42.97(32.96–53.58)

0.08

55.74(53.71–57.74)

54.03(50.67–57.36)

0.74

Not-healthy

45.81(41.81–49.87)

48.20(46.03–50.38)

47.84(44.10-51.61)

57.03(46.42–67.04)

44.26(42.26–46.29)

45.97(42.64–49.33)

Sleep efficiency

Healthy

50.26(46.21–54.30)

48.94(46.77–51.12)

0.86

47.52(34.90-60.46)

41.77(26.49–58.80)

0.46

50.60(42.07–59.10)

52.43(40.64–63.96)

0.85

Not-healthy

49.74(45.70-53.79)

51.06(48.88–53.23)

52.48(39.54–65.10)

58.23(41.20-73.51)

49.40(40.90-57.93)

47.57(36.04–59.36)

Sleep regularity

Healthy

58.46(54.42–62.39)

50.81(48.64–52.99)

< 0.01

54.71(49.39–59.93)

50.51(47.13–53.88)

0.057

44.98(37.04–53.17)

41.74(37.83–45.78)

0.23

Not-healthy

41.54(37.61–45.58)

49.19(47.01–51.36)

45.29(40.07–50.61)

49.49(46.12–52.87)

55.02(46.83–62.96)

58.25(54.22–62.17)

Sleep duration, min

419.82 ± 103.44 N:671

426.66 ± 101.81 N:2506

0.12

430.16 ± 107.74

N:431

439.10 ± 102.80

N:1181

0.13

401.24 ± 92.55

N:240

415.58 ± 99.67

N:1325

0.03

Covariate

Age, years

46.80 ± 13.53, N:677

40.35 ± 15.61, N:2521

< 0.001

48.34 ± 12.82, N:436

39.11 ± 14.55, N:1186

< 0.001

44.01 ± 14.36, N:241

41.45 ± 16.43, N:1335

0.02

Marital status

Single

8.89(6.84–11.48)

23.48(21.69–25.38)

< 0.001

6.03(5.11–7.10)

20.88(18.30-23.72)

< 0.001

16.29(11.24–23.01)

33.21(28.77–37.94)

< 0.001

Married

82.05(78.73–84.96)

72.57(70.58–74.47)

79.94(76.88–82.69)

72.68(67.99–76.92)

81.55(76.14–85.96)

64.21(59.86–68.34)

Divorced

1.37(0.69–2.71)

1.48(1.04–2.11)

1.59(0.81–3.11)

2.01(1.03–3.87)

0.76(0.42–1.39)

1.54(1.06–2.25)

Widow

7.69(5.79–10.15)

2.47(1.87–3.24)

12.44(8.53–17.78)

4.43(3.58–5.47)

1.40(0.87–2.26)

1.03(0.38–2.81)

Education

Illiterate

9.40(7.29–12.05)

5.33(4.43–6.40)

< 0.001

10.14(7.23–14.05)

5.40(2.38–11.78)

< 0.001

1.67(0.80–3.47)

3.30(1.90–5.67)

0.54

Primary school

31.97(28.31–35.86)

20.77(19.06–22.59)

30.77(28.22–33.45)

14.11(11.56–17.12)

28.51(25.48–31.74)

17.90(15.93–20.07)

Highschool

30.26(26.67–34.10)

38.43(36.34–40.57)

30.57(26.15–35.37

40.04(35.10-45.19)

32.08(28.26–36.15)

39.42(36.85–42.04)

Associate & Bachelor

20.00(16.95–23.44)

27.68(25.77–29.67)

19.65(17.98–21.42)

32.46(29.79–35.25)

31.59(24.40-39.78)

31.17(27.33–35.29)

Master and PhD

3.25(2.08–5.04)

5.57(4.66–6.66)

2.32(1.96–2.75)

6.28(4.76–8.24)

5.32(3.67–7.67)

7.61(6.45–8.95)

Nehzat*

5.13(3.61–7.24)

2.22(1.66–2.96)

6.56(4.87–8.77)

1.71(1.02–2.85)

0.83(0.55–1.25)

0.60(0.33–1.11)

Hypertension DH

24.27(20.97–27.92)

10.36(9.11–11.76)

< 0.001

24.36(19.85–29.53)

8.98(8.05-10.00)

< 0.001

14.96(13.19–16.93)

8.37(7.77–9.01)

< 0.001

Diabetes DH

14.19(11.59–17.26)

6.66(5.65–7.83)

< 0.001

12.76(9.92–16.26)

5.53(4.77–6.40)

< 0.001

9.82(7.39–12.94)

4.98(4.10–6.04)

0.012

History of CVD

12.14(9.73–15.04)

6.31(5.33–7.46)

< 0.001

9.73(6.31–14.71)

5.99(4.39–8.11)

< 0.001

10.29(8.74–12.07)

5.71(4.89–6.66)

< 0.01

Neurology DH

9.57(7.44–12.24)

5.77(4.84–6.88)

< 0.001

9.18(6.92–12.09)

7.56(5.88–9.67)

< 0.01

5.84(3.74–9.82)

3.84(2.76–5.32)

0.21

RLS

20.51(17.43–23.98)

12.48(11.11–13.99)

< 0.001

27.11(19.19–36.82)

15.44(10.48–22.17)

< 0.001

59.59(48.13–70.10)

54.04(40.50-67.02)

0.31

Insomnia

62.91(58.91–66.73)

58.16(56.00-60.30)

< 0.01

68.80(63.79–73.40)

65.92(55.84–74.74)

0.058

15.30(10.15–22.40)

9.80(7.31–13.02)

0.44

OSA

52.31(48.25–56.33)

25.65(23.80–27.60)

< 0.001

40.34(35.91–44.94)

9.61(7.78–11.83)

< 0.001

70.96(64.67–76.53)

33.72(30.67–36.92)

< 0.001