Fig. 2

Parameters measured in shadowgram images of optical coherence tomography. The FDD (distance between the fovea and the centroid of ellipse-fitted disc contour), FDA (deviation of the FDD line from the horizontal reference line), and parameters of the optic disc [ellipse-fitted disc area, ovality index (short axis of the ellipse-fitted disc contour/long axis), and torsion angle (deviation of the long axis of the ellipse-fitted disc contour from the reference line vertical to the fovea-disc center axis)] were measured on shadowgram images of optical coherence tomography using ImageJ (ver. 1.53t 24 August 2022). FDD fovea-disc distance, FDA fovea-disc angle.