Table 1 Overview of utilizing controller and optimization method for SRM in the recent papers.

Al-Amyal et al.¹⁴

DITC

Multistage ant colony optimization (MSACO)

Effective torque ripple reduction; improved efficiency

Complex implementation of MSACO

MSACO improved torque ripple and performance by optimizing switching angles

da Cunha Reis et al.¹⁷

PID with dynamic parameters

Modulation of excitation voltage and switching angles

Enhanced efficiency and reduced computational cost

Requires precise control parameter tuning

Dynamic control parameters improved response time for speed control applications

Divandari et al.¹⁸

Fuzzy logic-based fast terminal sliding mode control (FTSMC)

None

Improved speed stability; reduced chattering

Limited to specific disturbances and conditions

FTSMC provided robust control under uncertainty, reducing chattering effects

Gengaraj et al.¹⁹

Torque sharing function (TSF)

Flower pollination algorithm (FPA)

Smooth torque distribution; reduced vibration

Dependent on proper TSF selection for varied speeds

FPA with TSF effectively minimized torque ripple across a range of speeds

Kotb et al.⁶

Cascaded PID

Local unimodal sampling (LUS) and spotted hyena optimizer (SHO)

Better speed response; lower torque ripple

Higher computational complexity than basic PID

SHO-based cascaded PID showed superior speed control and torque ripple reduction

Rajendran and Karthik²⁰

PI and fuzzy logic

None

Reliable speed control; adaptable to nonlinear dynamics

Limited adaptability compared to newer methods

PI was reliable, but fuzzy logic offered better adaptability to SRM’s nonlinear nature

Jabari and Rad¹²

PID and FOPID

Dung beetle optimizer (DBO) and ant lion optimizer (ALO)

Reduced torque ripple; faster response

Requires bio-inspired algorithm tuning

DBO and ALO significantly enhanced PID and FOPID performance in SRMs

Mostafa Jabari²¹

Multistage FOPI(1 + PIDn)

PSO-TVAC algorithm

Reduces torque ripple, enhances response speed, and improves tracking accuracy in a short time

Requires multiple controller parameters to achieve a good response

Proposed a multistage FOPI(1 + PIDn) controller for better performance in SRMs