Table 8 Optimized values and parametric ranges.

From: Prediction of performance and emission features of diesel engine using alumina nanoparticles with neem oil biodiesel based on advanced ML algorithms

Name

Goal

Lower limit

Upper limit

Optimized value

Validation results

% error

Diesel, %

Is in range

70

90

89.85

89.85

Biodiesel, %

Is in range

10

30

30

30

Load, %

Is in range

25

100

100

100

Al2O3, ppm

Is in range

100

200

100

100

BSFC, kg/kWh

Minimize

0.25

0.63

0.45

0.465

 

BTE, %

Maximize

19.5

39.03

38.18

37.89

3.33

CO, %

Minimize

0.3

4

2

2.04

2

NOx, ppm

Minimize

50

400

347.83

355

2.06

HC, ppm

Minimize

39

62

49.98

51.21

2.46

Desirability

   

0.63