Fig. 5

KEGG enrichment analysis of metabolic substances in MAFLD mice across each group. Bar graph illustrates the KEGG enrichment analysis of differential metabolites in positive and negative ion modes for the following comparisons: ND vs. HFD (A), HFD vs. HFD-ACT001 (C), and HFD vs. HFD-PPC (E). Similarly, bubble plots demonstrate KEGG pathways between groups: ND vs. HFD (B), HFD vs. HFD-ACT001 (D), and HFD vs. HFD-PPC (F).