Table 2 The population characteristics by hearing in adults, National health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES) 2015–2016.
From: Associations of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with hearing in U.S. Adults
Characteristics | Hearing condition | Hearing level | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Good hearing (n = 563) | Bad hearing (n = 95) | P | Normal hearing (n = 583) | Hearing loss (n = 75) | P | |
Age | 42.7 ± 13.3 | 51.8 ± 13.0 | < 0.001 | 42.2 ± 13.1 | 57.7 ± 9.0 | < 0.001 |
Gender (%) | ||||||
Male | 329 (58.4) | 44 (46.3) | 0.027 | 351 (60.2) | 22 (29.3) | < 0.001 |
Female | 234 (41.6) | 51 (53.7) | 232 (39.8) | 53 (70.7) | ||
Weight (kg) | 82.6 ± 21.8 | 86.8 ± 23.9 | 0.083 | 82.8 ± 22.4 | 86.4 ± 20.0 | 0.187 |
Height (cm) | 166.0 ± 9.8 | 167.5 ± 10.2 | 0.180 | 166.0 ± 9.9 | 168.5 ± 9.3 | 0.036 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 29.8 ± 6.9 | 30.9 ± 7.7 | 0.195 | 29.9 ± 7.16 | 30.4 ± 6.24 | 0.628 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 99.7 ± 16.6 | 104.4 ± 17.2 | 0.011 | 99.7 ± 16.8 | 105.5 ± 15.4 | 0.004 |
Systolic pressure (mm Hg) | 120.8 ± 15.8 | 125.5 ± 16.4 | 0.010 | 120.8 ± 15.5 | 127.3 ± 18.5 | 0.001 |
Diastolic pressure (mm Hg) | 70.6 ± 10.5 | 69.4 ± 13.1 | 0.322 | 70.6 ± 11.0 | 69.5 ± 10.1 | 0.423 |
Alcohol drinks (%) | ||||||
Yes | 169 (30.0) | 24 (25.3) | 0.346 | 170 (29.2) | 23 (30.7) | 0.787 |
No | 394 (70.0) | 71 (74.7) | 413 (70.8) | 52 (69.3) | ||
Smoking (%) | ||||||
Yes | 348 (61.8) | 44 (46.3) | 0.004 | 358 (61.4) | 34 (45.3) | 0.008 |
No | 215 (38.2) | 51 (53.7) | 225 (38.6) | 41 (54.7) | ||
Race (%) | ||||||
Mexican American | 107 (19.0) | 20 (21.1) | < 0.001 | 109 (18.7) | 18 (24.0) | < 0.001 |
Other Hispanic | 76 (13.5) | 17 (17.9) | 70 (12.0) | 23 (30.7) | ||
Non-Hispanic White | 165 (29.3) | 44 (46.3) | 188 (32.2) | 21 (28.0) | ||
Non-Hispanic Black | 109 (19.4) | 9 (9.5) | 111 (19.0) | 7 (9.3) | ||
Other Race | 106 (18.8) | 5 (5.3) | 105 (18.0) | 6 (8.0) | ||
Education level (%) | ||||||
Less than 9th grade | 56 (9.9) | 16 (16.8) | 0.123 | 310 (53.2) | 50 (66.7) | 0.021 |
9-11th grade | 61 (10.8) | 14 (14.7) | 10 (1.7) | 3 (4.0) | ||
High school graduate or equivalent | 122 (21.7) | 21 (22.1) | 56 (9.6) | 10 (13.3) | ||
AA degree or equivalent | 159 (28.2) | 25 (26.3) | 22 (3.8) | 0 (0.0) | ||
College graduate or above | 165 (29.3) | 19 (20.0) | 111 (19.0) | 7 (9.3) | ||
Annual household income (%) | 0.001 | 98 (16.8) | 19 (25.3) | 0.038 | ||
$ 0 to $ 19,999 | 93 (16.5) | 24 (25.3) | 205 (35.2) | 31 (41.3) | ||
$20,000 to $54,999 | 193 (34.3) | 43 (45.3) | 280 (48.0) | 25 (33.3) | ||
$55,000 and over | 277 (49.2) | 28 (29.5) | 98 (16.8) | 19 (25.3) | ||
