Table 1 Demographic, clinical, and echocardiographic variables in Hemodialysis patients with preserved LV GLS or reduced LV GLS.

From: Prognostic impacts of left ventricular strain in hemodialytic patients with preserved left ventricular systolic function

 

Hemodialysis population, n = 319

Total population

Preserved LV GLS,

n = 197

Reduced LV GLS,

n = 122

p-value

Demographics

 

 Age, years

66.33 ± 15.13

66.44 ± 14.57

66.16 ± 16.03

0.876

 Male Gender, n (%)

155 (48.6%)

90 (45.7%)

65 (53.3%)

0.187

 BMI, Kg/m2

24.19 ± 3.72

24.10 ± 3.94

24.33 ± 3.36

0.565

Comorbidities

 

 Hypertension, n (%)

230 (72.1%)

141 (71.6%)

89 (73%)

0.790

 Diabetes mellitus, n (%)

163 (51.1%)

95 (48.2%)

68 (55.7%)

0.192

 Coronary artery disease, n (%)

109 (34.2%)

58 (29.4%)

51 (41.8%)

0.024

 H2FPEF score

2.58 ± 1.40

2.55 ± 1.42

2.64 ± 1.38

0.600

Laboratory tests

 

 Hb, g/dL

10.18 ± 1.18

10.13 ± 1.08

10.25 ± 1.32

0.385

 eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2

7.27 ± 5.26

6.82 ± 4.12

8.12 ± 6.73

0.072

 Albumin

3.71 ± 0.38

3.74 ± 0.35

3.67 ± 0.43

0.106

 Ca, mg/dL

8.72 ± 0.97

8.98 ± 0.89

8.92 ± 0.82

0.488

 P, mg/dL

5.11 ± 1.48

5.02 ± 1.44

5.25 ± 1.55

0.192

Dialysis efficiency

 

 Dialyzer flow, ml/min

252.08 ± 32.24

253.27 ± 33.54

250.16 ± 30.07

0.403

 Dialysis duration, hr

3.91 ± 0.22

3.92 ± 0.21

3.91 ± 0.23

0.755

 Ultrafiltration, kD

2.34 ± 1.09

2.40 ± 1.17

2.26 ± 0.98

0.259

Echocardiographic parameters

 LVIDd, cm

4.86 ± 0.69

4.84 ± 0.67

4.89 ± 0.76

0.486

 LVIDs, cm

3.03 ± 0.56

2.97 ± 0.52

3.14 ± 0.61

0.017

 LVEDV, mL

80.16 ± 28.06

78.00 ± 25.16

83.65 ± 32.02

0.099

 LVESV, mL

33.09 ± 13.21

31.65 ± 11.63

35.43 ± 15.21

0.020

 LVEF, %

59.04 ± 4.77

59.67 ± 4.86

58.03 ± 4.48

0.134

 E, cm/s

89.90 ± 29.54

88.42 ± 27.45

92.37 ± 32.70

0.258

 A, cm/s

104.84 ± 25.39

105.56 ± 24.21

103.60 ± 27.41

0.525

 E/A ratio

0.88 ± 0.38

0.86 ± 0.35

0.93 ± 0.44

0.192

 Septal e’, cm/s

6.50 ± 1.73

5.39 ± 1.68

5.44 ± 1.50

0.801

 Septal E/e’ ratio

17.56 ± 6.66

17.28 ± 5.95

18.04 ± 7.73

0.348

 LAV index, mL/m2

56.13 ± 9.32

55.97 ± 8.37

56.39 ± 10.72

0.694

 TR velocity, cm/s

268.1 ± 51.25

265.91 ± 51.22

272.54 ± 51.26

0.273

 RVSP, mmHg

35.66 ± 12.73

34.91 ± 12.34

36.90 ± 13.32

0.188

 LVM index, g/m2

151.23 ± 45.61

149.93 ± 46.24

153.32 ± 44.66

0.521

 LVH

280 (87.7%)

173 (87.8%)

107 (87.7%)

0.953

 Diastolic dysfunction,

n (%)

107 (37.9%)

62 (34.4%)

45 (44.1%)

0.108

Global longitudinal strain parameters

 AP4L strain, %

− 18.72 ± 4.47

− 19.44 ± 3.93

− 17.57 ± 5.04

0.001

 AP2L strain, %

− 19.13 ± 5.31

− 19.63 ± 5.84

− 18.34 ± 4.22

0.035

 AP3L strain, %

− 18.24 ± 5.62

− 18.86 ± 5.44

− 17.26 ± 5.79

0.013

 LV GLS, %

− 18.35 ± 4.98

− 18.84 ± 5.34

− 17.56 ± 4.26

0.001

  1. Significant values are in [bold].
  2. AP4L: Apical four-chamber longitudinal strain; AP2L: Apical two-chamber longitudinal strain; AP4L: Apical three-chamber longitudinal strain; A = Mitral late-diastolic inflow peak velocity; BMI = Body mass index; Ca = Calcium; E = Mitral early-diastolic inflow peak velocity; E/A ratio = Mitral Ratio of Peak Early to Late Diastolic Filling Velocity; eGFR = estimated Glomerular filtration rate; Hb = Hemoglobin; LV LV GLS = Left ventricular global longitudinal strain; LVH = Left ventricular hypertrophy; LVM = Left ventricular mass; LVIDd = End diastole left ventricular internal diameter; LVIDs = End systole left ventricular internal diameter; LVEDV = Left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVESV = Left ventricular end-systolic volume; LVEF = Left ventricular ejection fraction; LAV = Left atrial volume; P = Phosphorus; RVSP = Right ventricular systolic pressure; Septal E/e’= Septal early trans-mitral velocity to tissue Doppler mitral annular early diastolic velocity ratio; TR velocity = Peak velocity of tricuspid regurgitation.
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