Table 4 Anatomical assessment of the plant species Eichhornia crassipes.

From: Fly ash pollution causes morpho-anatomical and biochemical changes in Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms and Pistia stratiotes L: demonstrating stress-tolerant activity

 

Parameter

Eichhornia crassipes

Highly contaminated sites (µm; Mean ± SD)

Low contaminated sites (µm; Mean ± SD)

Leaf

Epidermis

2.07 ± 0.19

3.03 ± 0.33

Palisade cells

5.75 ± 1.86

5.84 ± 0.13

Air space

11.80 ± 2.60

16.45 ± 3.43

Bundle sheath

1.91 ± 0.77

2.32 ± 0.38

Xylem cavity

1.21 ± 0.31

2.64 ± 0.11

Phloem cells

1.16 ± 0.29

1.43 ± 0.11

Vascular bundle

13.58 ± 2.88

15.12 ± 1.73

Parenchyma

4.03 ± 0.38

6.83 ± 1.76

Petiole

Epidermis

2.21 ± 0.31

2.67 ± 0.31

Air spaces

13.45 ± 0.95

21.09 ± 4.59

Vascular bundle

14.35 ± 3.15

17.03 ± 1.69

Parenchyma

6.89 ± 0.85

7.37 ± 0.53

Xylem cavity

2.48 ± 0.41

3.59 ± 0.52

Phloem cells

1.29 ± 0.35

1.57 ± 0.21

Stolon

Epidermis

1.67 ± 0.25

2.20 ± 0.41

Cortex

4.89 ± 0.62

8.65 ± 1.28

Air space

11.08 ± 3.51

14.22 ± 2.49

Vascular bundle

13.08 ± 1.24

16.69 ± 3.72

Pith

5.25 ± 1.63

7.72 ± 0.95

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