Table 2 Simulation parameters.

From: Beam management for millimeter-wave mobile communications based on digital twin-enabled scenario cognition

Parameter

Value

Center frequency

28 GHz

Transmit power of BS

35 dBm

Noise figure of the receiver

5 dB

Bandwidth

40 MHz

Standard deviation of noise

5.8 dB

SNR threshold

20 dB

Speed of light in free space

\(3 \times {10^8}\) m/s

Antenna configurations of BS

\(2 \times 2\) UPA, \(2 \times 4\) UPA, \(2 \times 8\) UPA, \(2 \times 16\) UPA, \(2 \times 32\) UPA, \(2 \times 64\) UPA, \(2 \times 128\) UPA, \(2 \times 256\) UPA

Antenna configuration of user equipment

2-element ULA

Length of each movement trajectory of user equipment

1000 m

Parameters in the vegetation attenuation model (the vegetation considered is cedar)

\(A = 1.87\), \(E = 0.01\), \(G = - 0.12\), \(B = (0.30281-0.003624kh){(f/1000)}^{(0.0013118-0.026236kh)}\), \(kh = \left| {M\mathrm{{o}}nth - 6.5} \right|\)

Vegetation depth

1.5 m, 2 m, 3 m

Month

April (i.e., \(M\mathrm{{o}}nth=4\))