Fig. 1

Overall survival analysis in patients with pT4a gingivobuccal squamous cell carcinoma: influence of tumor characteristics. Kaplan–Meier survival curves illustrating the 5-year overall survival rates of patients diagnosed with pT4a gingivobuccal squamous cell carcinoma. Panel (a) compares survival based on the presence vs. absence of tumor size > 40 mm and depth of invasion > 10 mm. Panels (b) and (c) assess the impact of bone invasion (presence vs. absence) and skin invasion (presence vs. absence) on overall survival. Statistical significance was assessed using the log-rank test, with p-values indicated.