Table 4 Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses of potential factors associated with overall survival pT4a patient with gingivobuccal squamous cell carcinoma.

From: The significance of the depth of invasion and tumor size in resected pathologic T4a gingivobuccal squamous cell carcinoma

Variables

Univariate

Multivariatea

HR (95% CI)

p value

HR (95% CI)

p value*

pT4a subgroup

 Bone invasion

1.6 (0.9–2.8)

0.1

  

 Skin invasion

0.79 (0.46–1.35)

0.39

  

 DOI > 10 mm and tumor > 40 mm

1.96 (1.11–3.46)

0.02*

2.08 (1.00-4.31)

0.05*

Age at diagnosis (years)

 < 65

(reference)

   

 ≥ 65

0.91 (0.36–2.85)

0.84

  

Sex

 Female

(reference)

   

 Male

0.1 (0.02–0.42)

0.002*

0.13 (0.01–1.62)

0.11

Extra-nodal extension

 No

(reference)

   

 Yes

2.86 (1.54–5.31)

0.001*

2.35 (1.16–4.79)

0.018*

Pathologic nodal status

 N0

(reference)

   

 N+

2.68 (1.54–4.65)

0.001*

  

Resected margin status

 Free

(reference)

   

 Positive

5.4 (2.47–11.8)

< 0.001*

2.96 (1.14–7.73)

0.026*

Perineural invasion

 No

(reference)

   

 Yes

1.23 (0.69–2.19)

0.48

  

Lympho-vascular invasion

 No

(reference)

   

 Yes

2.08 (1.01–4.28)

0.046*

1.62 (0.72–3.65)

0.24

Treatment modality

 Adjuvant RT/CCRT

0.51 (0.26–1.026)

0.1

  
  1. DOI: depth of invasion, HR: hazard ratio, RT/CCRT: radiotherapy/concurrent chemo-radiotherapy.
  2. *Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
  3. aAdjusted by DOI > 10 mm and tumor > 40 mm, sex, extra-nodal extension, resected margin, lympho-vascular invasion .
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