Table 3 Difference in the diagnostic performance of chromophores—within and between patient subgroups: AUC, 95% confidence interval, and p-value.

From: Impact of clinical factors on the diagnostic performance of diffuse optical spectroscopic imaging for breast cancer

   

THCL/N

StO2-L/N

WaterL/N

AUC (95% CI)

p-value1

p-value2

AUC (95% CI)

p-value1

p-value2

AUC (95% CI)

p-value1

p-value2

Total

 

(n = 62)

0.738 (0.613, 0.864)

0.001

 

0.554 (0.406, 0.701)

0.097

 

0.836 (0.736, 0.936)

 < 0.001

 

Age

 < 50 years

(n = 30)

0.701 (0.504, 0.899)

0.087

0.875

0.606 (0.394, 0.819)

0.131

0.525

0.819 (0.667, 0.971)

0.001

0.596

 ≥ 50 years

(n = 32)

0.724 (0.523, 0.925)

0.022

 

0.500 (0.250, 0.750)

0.438

 

0.875 (0.735, 1.000)

 < 0.001

 

BMI

Normal or underweight

(n = 30)

0.920 (0.815, 1.000)

 < 0.001

0.012*

0.595 (0.372, 0.818)

0.243

0.729

0.760 (0.574, 0.946)

0.009

0.256

Overweight or obese

(n = 32)

0.631 (0.432, 0.830)

0.037

 

0.541 (0.333, 0.749)

0.142

 

0.886 (0.773, 0.999)

 < 0.001

 

Bra cup size

A

(n = 30)

0.782 (0.616, 0.949)

0.004

0.468

0.556 (0.340, 0.771)

0.585

0.963

0.773 (0.574, 0.972)

0.004

0.351

B–E

(n = 32)

0.688 (0.496, 0.880)

0.034

 

0.563 (0.349, 0.777)

0.114

 

0.883 (0.768, 0.997)

 < 0.001

 

Menopausal phase

Pre

(n = 32)

0.709 (0.522, 0.895)

0.039

0.777

0.607 (0.395, 0.819)

0.408

0.429

0.822 (0.676, 0.968)

0.001

0.533

Peri or Post

(n = 30)

0.750 (0.531, 0.969)

0.038

 

0.743 (0.482, 1.000)

0.040

 

0.889 (0.737, 1.000)

 < 0.001

 

Menstrual cycle

Early

(n = 24)

0.529 (0.263, 0.794)

0.802

0.011

0.586 (0.336, 0.835)

0.359

0.522

0.843 (0.683, 1.000)

0.001

0.533

Late

(n = 15)

0.920 (0.777, 1.000)

0.003

 

0.440 (0.071, 0.809)

0.652

 

0.740 (0.459, 1.000)

0.067

 

Tumor size

 ≤ 2 cm

(n = 37)

0.632 (0.442, 0.821)

0.133

0.243

0.602 (0.414, 0.790)

0.131

0.343

0.719 (0.552, 0.887)

0.004

0.072

 > 2 cm

(n = 25)

0.807 (0.582, 1.000)

0.022

 

0.439 (0.157, 0.720)

0.430

 

0.921 (0.778, 1.000)

 < 0.001

 

Distance from skin

 ≤ 6 mm

(n = 35)

0.777 (0.603, 0.950)

0.009

0.298

0.515 (0.321, 0.709)

0.297

0.742

0.871 (0.736, 1.000)

 < 0.001

0.376

 > 6 mm

(n = 27)

0.626 (0.403, 0.850)

0.149

 

0.566 (0.333, 0.798)

0.223

 

0.769 (0.589, 0.950)

0.004

 

Breast thickness

 ≤ 2 cm

(n = 36)

0.803 (0.655, 0.951)

0.001

0.233

0.594 (0.404, 0.783)

0.108

0.473

0.738 (0.562, 0.913)

0.005

0.033*

 > 2 cm

(n = 26)

0.641 (0.418, 0.863)

0.091

 

0.477 (0.221, 0.733)

0.473

 

0.948 (0.867, 1.000)

 < 0.001

 

Distance from the nipple

 ≤ 3 cm

(n = 30)

0.746 (0.562, 0.929)

0.020

0.923

0.571 (0.359, 0.784)

0.368

0.775

0.692 (0.497, 0.887)

0.010

0.011*

 > 3 cm

(n = 32)

0.758 (0.571, 0.945)

0.028

 

0.527 (0.305, 0.748)

0.249

 

0.957 (0.895, 1.000)

 < 0.001

 

Vascularity

Present

(n = 18)

0.813 (0.425, 1.000)

0.147

0.512

0.625 (0.211, 1.000)

0.655

0.699

0.781 (0.335, 1.000)

0.112

0.906

Absent

(n = 36)

0.669 (0.483, 0.854)

0.062

 

0.534 (0.336, 0.733)

0.203

 

0.809 (0.671, 0.948)

 < 0.001

 

LipidL/N

HbO2-L/N

HHbL/N

TOIL/N

AUC (95% CI)

p-value1

p-value2

AUC (95% CI)

p-value1

p-value2

AUC (95% CI)

p-value1

p-value2

AUC (95% CI)

p-value1

p-value2

0.683 (0.544, 0.823)

0.010

 

0.681 (0.546, 0.816)

0.012

 

0.754 (0.626, 0.881)

0.001

 

0.904 (0.831, 0.977)

 < 0.001

 

0.638 (0.432, 0.844)

0.240

0.197

0.670 (0.468, 0.871)

0.163

0.870

0.792 (0.611, 0.973)

0.026

0.571

0.887 (0.772, 1.000)

 < 0.001

0.500

0.813 (0.646, 0.979)

0.002

 

0.693 (0.506, 0.880)

0.087

 

0.708 (0.483, 0.934)

0.064

 

0.938 (0.846, 1.000)

 < 0.001

 

0.630 (0.368, 0.892)

0.263

0.625

0.890 (0.768, 1.000)

 < 0.001

0.006*

0.880 (0.741, 1.000)

 < 0.001

0.075

0.915 (0.806, 1.000)

 < 0.001

0.829

0.710 (0.527, 0.893)

0.015

 

0.545 (0.334, 0.757)

0.160

 

0.663 (0.468, 0.857)

0.017

 

0.898 (0.789, 1.000)

 < 0.001

 

0.602 (0.357, 0.847)

0.570

0.334

0.773 (0.602, 0.944)

0.007

0.175

0.796 (0.632, 0.960)

0.003

0.583

0.949 (0.873, 1.000)

 < 0.001

0.285

0.749 (0.578, 0.920)

0.004

 

0.587 (0.380, 0.794)

0.175

 

0.725 (0.528, 0.921)

0.022

 

0.870 (0.748, 0.993)

 < 0.001

 

0.619 (0.419, 0.820)

0.404

0.172

0.721 (0.537, 0.904)

0.038

0.631

0.737 (0.552, 0.922)

0.060

0.688

0.907 (0.808, 1.000)

 < 0.001

0.823

0.806 (0.629, 0.982)

0.006

 

0.653 (0.446, 0.860)

0.225

 

0.799 (0.561, 1.000)

0.049

 

0.924 (0.816, 1.000)

 < 0.001

 

0.514 (0.251, 0.778)

0.586

0.192

0.543 (0.275, 0.811)

0.706

0.015*

0.414 (0.151, 0.678)

0.985

0.008*

0.857 (0.699, 1.000)

0.001

0.562

0.760 (0.502, 1.000)

0.077

 

0.920 (0.777, 1.000)

0.002

 

0.860 (0.665, 1.000)

0.008

 

0.920 (0.778, 1.000)

0.003

 

0.506 (0.310, 0.702)

0.690

0.013*

0.570 (0.374, 0.767)

0.325

0.321

0.702 (0.528, 0.876)

0.074

0.458

0.854 (0.730, 0.978)

 < 0.001

0.225

0.868 (0.661, 1.000)

0.003

 

0.737 (0.472, 1.000)

0.088

 

0.807 (0.590, 1.000)

0.028

 

0.947 (0.861, 1.000)

 < 0.001

 

0.807 (0.625, 0.988)

0.006

0.056

0.716 (0.528, 0.903)

0.063

0.359

0.773 (0.600, 0.946)

0.006

0.539

0.920 (0.826, 1.000)

 < 0.001

0.496

0.522 (0.292, 0.752)

0.913

 

0.577 (0.346, 0.808)

0.210

 

0.687 (0.474, 0.900)

0.216

 

0.857 (0.701, 1.000)

 < 0.001

 

0.622 (0.417, 0.827)

0.393

0.220

0.738 (0.571, 0.904)

0.010

0.349

0.819 (0.673, 0.965)

0.001

0.257

0.913 (0.819, 1.000)

 < 0.001

0.712

0.791 (0.615, 0.967)

0.007

 

0.601 (0.370, 0.832)

0.212

 

0.660 (0.428, 0.892)

0.100

 

0.882 (0.753, 1.000)

 < 0.001

 

0.625 (0.418, 0.832)

0.245

0.237

0.719 (0.524, 0.913)

0.033

0.723

0.723 (0.533, 0.913)

0.070

0.499

0.853 (0.711, 0.994)

 < 0.001

0.320

0.792 (0.608, 0.977)

0.003

 

0.667 (0.455, 0.878)

0.127

 

0.812 (0.639, 0.984)

0.011

 

0.937 (0.850, 1.000)

 < 0.001

 

0.563 (0.000, 1.000)

0.695

0.744

0.781 (0.335, 1.000)

0.178

0.388

0.750 (0.351, 1.000)

0.111

0.823

0.875 (0.607, 1.000)

0.053

0.933

0.672 (0.493, 0.851)

0.096

 

0.566 (0.366, 0.765)

0.343

 

0.700 (0.519, 0.881)

0.085

 

0.888 (0.778, 0.997)

 < 0.001

 
  1. 1p-value was calculated with the likelihood ratio test, indicating the statistical significance of the AUC within the subgroup.
  2. 2p-value was calculated with Chi-square statistics with one degree of freedom, indicating the statistical significance of the AUC difference compared to the counter subgroup.
  3. *Bold values indicate a significant difference in diagnostic performance according to clinical factor, with both p-values[1] and p-values[2] being less than 0.05.
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