Table 3 ShamVR between-group differences at End-of-Treatment and 12-Months post-treatment for the primary and secondary endpoints.

	Mean (SD) score [No of participants]		Sham VR LICP vs HICP: Reduction from Baseline^a
Time	Sham VR LICP	Sham VR HICP	Estimate (SE) [95% CI]	P value^b
Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) Pain Interference^c
Baseline	5.13 (1.31) [331]	8.05 (0.80) [201]
End-of-Treatment	3.68 (2.09) [302]	6.07 (2.23) [178]	0.54 (0.18) [0.20 – 0.89]	0.002
12-Months Post-Treatment	4.14 (2.24) [262]	6.08 (2.21) [149]	1.00 (0.21) [0.61 – 1.44]	< 0.001
Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) Pain Intensity^d
Baseline	5.96 (1.27) [331]	7.95 (0.88) [201]
End-of-Treatment	4.53 (2.09) [302]	6.37 (2.02) [178]	0.13 (0.18) [-0.22 – 0.47]	0.47
12-Months Post-Treatment	5.00 (2.10) [262]	6.34 (2.13) [149]	0.66 (0.21) [0.25 – 1.07]	0.002
PROMIS Sleep Disturbance^e
Baseline	58.17 (6.31) [331]	65.28 (6.77) [200]
End-of-Treatment	56.39 (7.53) [302]	61.07 (7.64) [177]	2.48 (0.58) [1.34 – 3.62]	< 0.001
12-Months Post-Treatment	55.91 (7.50) [302]	59.81 (8.59) [148]	3.09 (0.74) [1.64 – 4.55]	< 0.001
PROMIS Depression^f
Baseline	52.25 (8.28) [331]	58.42 (8.62) [200]
End-of-Treatment	52.63 (8.61) [302]	59.34 (8.86) [177]	-0.17 (0.74) [-1.61 – 1.28]	0.82
12-Months Post-Treatment	52.12 (9.02) [262]	57.56 (9.72) [148]	0.52 (0.92) [-1.29 – 2.33]	0.57
Oswestry Disability Index^g
Baseline	34.49 (13.66) [331]	51.65 (16.41) [200]
End-of-Treatment	29.98 (14.84) [302]	43.90 (18.53) [177]	3.16 (1.17) [0.87 – 5.45]	0.007
12-Months Post-Treatment	29.41 (17.54) [262]	41.90 (20.91) [148]	4.61 (1.60) [1.46 – 7.75]	0.004

Abbreviations: LICP = Lower Impact Chronic Pain; HICP = High Impact Chronic Pain.
^a HICP vs. LICP reduction from Baseline to End-of-Treatment (or 12-Months Post-Treatment).
^b Bonferroni corrected.
^c Score range from 0 – 10 with higher scores indicating greater pain interference.
^d Score range from 0 – 10 with higher scores indicating greater pain intensity.
^e Score range from 28.9—76.5 with higher scores indicating greater sleep disturbance.
^f Score range from 37.1—81.1 with higher scores indicating greater depression.
^g Score range from 0 – 100 with higher scores indicating greater disability.

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