Table 5 Error evaluation criteria for SPEI prediction models in semi-arid and moderate climate (Appropriate values are marked in bold and underlined).
Scenarios | Model | Training (70% dataset) | Test (30% dataset) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RMSE | MAE | NRMSE | CA | NASH | RMSE | MAE | NRMSE | CA | NASH | ||
S1 | ANFIS | 0.26 | 0.19 | 0.25 | 0.17 | 0.93 | 0.43 | 0.31 | 0.39 | 0.31 | 0.79 |
ANFIS + WOA | 0.40 | 0.30 | 0.39 | 0.29 | 0.83 | 0.37 | 0.27 | 0.34 | 0.26 | 0.85 | |
ANFIS + GWO | 0.34 | 0.24 | 0.33 | 0.23 | 0.88 | 0.34 | 0.24 | 0.31 | 0.23 | 0.87 | |
ANFIS + RSA | 0.34 | 0.25 | 0.33 | 0.23 | 0.88 | 0.34 | 0.23 | 0.30 | 0.23 | 0.87 | |
S2 | ANFIS | 0.22 | 0.16 | 0.21 | 0.14 | 0.95 | 0.41 | 0.24 | 0.37 | 0.28 | 0.81 |
ANFIS + WOA | 0.28 | 0.21 | 0.27 | 0.19 | 0.92 | 0.28 | 0.19 | 0.25 | 0.18 | 0.91 | |
ANFIS + GWO | 0.35 | 0.25 | 0.34 | 0.24 | 0.87 | 0.34 | 0.24 | 0.31 | 0.24 | 0.87 | |
ANFIS + RSA | 0.27 | 0.20 | 0.26 | 0.18 | 0.92 | 0.28 | 0.20 | 0.26 | 0.19 | 0.91 | |
S3 | ANFIS | 0.17 | 0.12 | 0.17 | 0.11 | 0.97 | 0.90 | 0.40 | 0.82 | 0.73 | 0.08 |
ANFIS + WOA | 0.36 | 0.27 | 0.35 | 0.25 | 0.86 | 0.36 | 0.26 | 0.33 | 0.25 | 0.86 | |
ANFIS + GWO | 0.29 | 0.22 | 0.28 | 0.20 | 0.91 | 0.30 | 0.21 | 0.27 | 0.20 | 0.90 | |
ANFIS + RSA | 0.29 | 0.22 | 0.29 | 0.20 | 0.91 | 0.36 | 0.21 | 0.33 | 0.24 | 0.86 |