Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients, divided according to the log-transformed ALI.
Characteristics | All patients N = 1502 | T1 (− 1.24 ≤ log-transformed ALI < 3.26) N = 375 | T2 (3.26 ≤ log-transformed ALI < 4.33) N = 376 | T3 (4.33 ≤ log-transformed ALI < 5.25) N = 377 | T4 (5.25 ≤ log-transformed ALI < 13.83) N = 374 | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender [Female (n, %)] | 642 (42.74) | 165 (44.00) | 153 (40.69) | 162 (42.97) | 162 (43.32) | 0.814 |
Age (year, IQR) | 69.05 (58.73–79.21) | 68.55 (59.35–79.48) | 69.88 (58.56–79.65) | 69.89 (60.71–80.12) | 68.25 (57.47–77.59) | 0.2428 |
Race, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
Black | 200 (13.32) | 22 (5.87) | 37 (9.84) | 41 (10.88) | 100 (26.74) | |
White | 869 (57.86) | 202 (53.87) | 224 (59.57) | 252 (66.84) | 191 (51.07) | |
Other | 433 (28.83) | 151 (40.27) | 115 (30.59) | 84 (22.28) | 83 (22.19) | |
Vital signs | ||||||
Heart rate (beats/min, IQR) | 80.71 (71.37–91.73) | 81.89 (72.12–94.00) | 81.25 (72.36–92.57) | 79.61 (71.32–89.76) | 79.38 (70.18–90.36) | 0.0695 |
SBP (mmHg, IQR) | 125.87 (115.56–134.90) | 122.40 (112.12–133.24) | 125.89 (116.97–134.73) | 125.88 (115.47–135.24) | 127.52 (118.65–136.38) | 0.001 |
DBP (mmHg, IQR) | 66.81 (59.87–75.56) | 64.13 (57.40–73.12) | 67.17 (60.11–76.41) | 67.12 (60.33–77.88) | 68.22 (61.52–76.17) | < 0.001 |
MBP (mmHg, IQR) | 83.60 (76.80–91.24) | 81.10 (74.54–89.70) | 84.19 (77.74–90.80) | 83.65 (77.42–92.92) | 85.02 (79.48–92.43) | < 0.001 |
Resp rate (breath/min, IQR) | 18.52 (16.65–20.92) | 18.81 (16.67–21.86) | 18.82 (16.84–21.08) | 18.37 (16.71–20.64) | 18.23 (16.30–20.30) | 0.01 |
Temperature (°C, IQR) | 36.91 (36.72–37.17) | 36.94 (36.70–37.24) | 36.93 (36.76–37.18) | 36.91 (36.72–37.14) | 36.88 (36.69–37.13) | 0.126 |
Spo2 (%, IQR) | 97.15 (95.85–98.53) | 97.53 (96.00–98.98) | 97.05 (95.77–98.69) | 97.07 (96.00–98.20) | 97.12 (95.68–98.42) | 0.081 |
Medical history | ||||||
Diabetes (n, %) | 416 (27.70) | 97 (25.87) | 107 (28.46) | 111 (29.44) | 101 (27.01) | 0.706 |
Hypertension (n, %) | 1022 (68.04) | 224 (59.73) | 240 (63.83) | 272 (72.15) | 286 (76.47) | < 0.001 |
Heart diseases (n, %) | 369 (24.57) | 105 (28.00) | 102 (27.13) | 97 (25.73) | 65 (17.38) | 0.002 |
Peripheral vascular disease (n, %) | 104 (6.92) | 25 (6.67) | 30 (7.98) | 31 (8.22) | 18 (4.81) | 0.235 |
Dementia (n, %) | 101 (6.72) | 28 (7.47) | 32 (8.51) | 27 (7.16) | 14 (3.74) | 0.054 |
Chronic pulmonary disease (n, %) | 203 (13.52) | 55 (14.67) | 56 (14.89) | 49 (13.00) | 43 (11.50) | 0.489 |
Renal disease (n, %) | 270 (17.98) | 79 (21.07) | 77 (20.48) | 59 (15.65) | 55 (14.71) | 0.044 |
Liver disease (n, %) | 141 (9.39) | 49 (13.07) | 30 (7.98) | 32 (8.49) | 30 (8.02) | 0.046 |
Malignant cancer (n, %) | 192 (12.78) | 45 (12.00) | 48 (12.77) | 45 (11.94) | 54 (14.44) | 0.713 |
Score | ||||||
SOFA | 3 (2–6) | 4 (2–7) | 3 (2–6) | 3 (2–5) | 3 (1–5) | < 0.001 |
GCS | 14 (12–15) | 14 (12–15) | 14 (12–15) | 14 (12–15) | 14 (13–15) | 0.105 |
SIRS | 2.33 (1.00) | 2.57 (1.03) | 2.37 (1.00) | 2.20 (0.96) | 2.19 (0.96) | 0.505 |
LODS | 3.00 (2.00–6.00) | 4.00 (2.00–7.00) | 3.00 (2.00–6.00) | 3.00 (2.00–5.00) | 3.00 (1.00–5.00) | < 0.001 |
Laboratory tests | ||||||
INR | 1.20 (1.10–1.33) | 1.20 (1.10–1.33) | 1.20 (1.10–1.33) | 1.20 (1.10–1.33) | 1.30 (1.20–1.60) | 0.046 |
PT (sec, IQR) | 12.95 (11.80–14.50) | 13.10 (11.80–14.60) | 12.95 (11.80–14.50) | 12.90 (11.90–14.50) | 12.80 (11.70–14.50) | 0.158 |
PTT (sec, IQR) | 30.20 (27.00–35.72) | 30.40 (27.00–36.20) | 29.85 (26.95–35.45) | 31.00 (27.20–35.72) | 30.00 (26.70–35.72) | 0.285 |
WBC (109/L, IQR) | 7.70 (5.60–10.60) | 8.50 (5.90–12.50) | 8.20 (5.95–10.85) | 7.60 (5.50–10.20) | 7.10 (5.20–9.20) | < 0.001 |
RBC (109/L, IQR) | 3.70 (3.13–4.25) | 3.46 (2.86–3.96) | 3.69 (3.10–4.15) | 3.81 (3.24–4.40) | 3.94 (3.30–4.47) | < 0.001 |
Hb (g/dL, IQR) | 11.00 (9.20–12.70) | 10.40 (8.70–11.80) | 10.95 (9.05–12.40) | 11.20 (9.70–12.90) | 11.50 (9.70–13.30) | < 0.001 |
PLT (109/L, IQR) | 211.00 (157.00–274.00) | 204.00 (143.00–287.00) | 212.00 (166.00–282.00) | 215.00 (169.00–267.00) | 204.00 (150.00–268.00) | 0.229 |
ALT (U/L, IQR) | 26.00 (16.00–52.90) | 29.00 (16.00–52.90) | 26.00 (15.00–52.90) | 25.00 (15.00–52.90) | 24.00 (17.00–52.90) | 0.076 |
AST (U/L, IQR) | 29.00 (20.00–70.00) | 33.00 (21.00–77.61) | 29.00 (20.00–75.50) | 27.00 (19.00–61.00) | 29.00 (20.00–58.00) | 0.034 |
Glucose (Eq/L, IQR) | 128.82 (108.17–156.33) | 132.50 (112.00–159.83) | 130.17 (105.42–158.17) | 123.67 (107.50–152.67) | 128.65 (108.00–156.80) | 0.099 |
BUN (mg/dL, IQR) | 21.00 (14.00–26.00) | 24.43 (15.00–31.00) | 22.00 (15.00–27.00) | 21.00 (14.00–25.00) | 19.00 (13.00–24.43) | < 0.001 |
Creatinine (mg/dL, IQR) | 1.00 (0.70–1.25) | 1.00 (0.70–1.30) | 1.00 (0.70–1.25) | 1.00 (0.70–1.25) | 0.90 (0.70–1.25) | 0.733 |
Potassium (mEq/L, IQR) | 4.14 (3.80–4.40) | 4.14 (3.80–4.40) | 4.10 (3.80–4.30) | 4.14 (3.80–4.40) | 4.14 (3.90–4.40) | 0.524 |
Sodium (mEq/L, IQR) | 140.47 (137.00–143.00) | 140.47 (137.00–144.00) | 140.00 (137.00–143.00) | 140.00 (137.00–142.00) | 140.47 (138.00–142.00) | 0.032 |
Chloride (mEq/L, IQR) | 103.40 (100.00–106.00) | 103.40 (100.00–106.00) | 103.40 (100.00–105.00) | 103.40 (100.00–105.00) | 103.40 (101.00–106.00) | 0.076 |
Medications | ||||||
NSAIDs (n, %) | 818 (54.46) | 170 (45.33) | 215 (57.18) | 241 (63.93) | 192 (51.34) | < 0.001 |
Anticoagulants (n, %) | 449 (29.89) | 88 (23.47) | 115 (30.59) | 139 (36.87) | 107 (28.61) | 0.001 |
Length of ICU stay (days, IQR) | 4.12 (2.31–8.81) | 4.99 (2.67–12.20) | 4.43 (2.36–9.88) | 4.04 (2.30–7.06) | 3.51 (2.13–7.38) | < 0.001 |
Length of hospital stay (days, IQR) | 10.02 (5.12–19.86) | 12.60 (5.41–23.63) | 10.98 (5.85–21.94) | 9.99 (5.70–16.45) | 8.31 (3.86–16.38) | < 0.001 |
