Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics data between high and low agitation schizophrenia patients.

From: Role of peripheral cytokines and orbitofrontal cortex subregion structure in schizophrenia agitation

 

Low agitation (n = 70)

High agitation (n = 49)

t, U or χ2

P values

Age, mean ± SD, years

30.79 ± 10.74

30.65 ± 10.10

0.070

0.95a

Sex (male/female)

25/45

21/28

0.62

0.43b

Education, mean ± SD, years

12.46 ± 3.11

12.51 ± 2.67

−0.10

0.92a

Illness duration, median (IQR), years

5 (8.00)

6 (9.50)

1376.00

0.07c

Onset age, mean ± SD, years

23.94 ± 8.48

23.55 ± 9.25

0.240

0.81a

BMI, mean ± SD

22.44 ± 3.63

23.91 ± 6.02

−1.660

0.10a

CPZ equivalents, mean ± SD, mg/d

480.12 ± 187.08

480.73 ± 167.67

−0.020

0.99a

BPRS, mean ± SD

51.01 ± 4.93

56.84 ± 4.01

−6.830

< 0.01a

BARS, mean ± SD

22.54 ± 3.02

35.29 ± 4.51

−17.260

< 0.01a

ICV, mean ± SD

−0.16 ± 1.02

0.26 ± 0.93

−1.810

0.07a

  1. There were no significant differences between low agitation and high agitation in age, sex, education, onset age, BMI, and CPZ equivalents (all P values > 0.1).
  2. There was a trend toward greater illness duration and ICV in the high agitation group than in the low agitation group (P values < 0.1).
  3. Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range; BMI, body mass index; CPZ, chlorpromazine; BPRS, the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; BARS, the Brief Agitation Rating Scale; ICV, intracranial volume.
  4. ICV results are standardized.
  5. a P values are from Two-sample t-test.
  6. b P values are from Chi-squared test.
  7. c P values are from Mann-Whitney U test.
  8. Bolded when P value < 0.05.
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