Fig. 5 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 5

From: Genetic variation associated with increased lambda-cyhalothrin resistance in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in West Africa

Fig. 5

Diagrams of the relevant Tpi gene segments, with descriptions of the polymorphisms used to identify different haplotypes. Vertical lines in gene segments indicate sites of single-base polymorphism, with thicker bands indicating polymorphism diagnostic of strain identity. (a) Diagram of the Tpi sequence used for PCR amplification of the TpiE3; E4 exon segment. Site gTpi183 is diagnostic of Tpi-based strain identity at all locations. The gTpi165 and gTpi168 sites are also strain specific in the Western Hemisphere. The gTpi168 and gTpi180 sites are also strain specific in Africa. The gTpi192 and gTpi198 sites are polymorphic but not strain specific at all locations. (b) Tpi gene sequences.

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