Table 3 Resistance levels of the field-collected populations of S. frugiperda to several insecticides in the topical bioassay method in Benin, Togo, Niger and Mali.

From: Genetic variation associated with increased lambda-cyhalothrin resistance in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in West Africa

Countries

Populations

Insecticides

Host plants

n a

Slope ± SEb

LD50 (µg·mlˉ¹)

95%FL

X²(df)

RR50c

BENIN

FZouMa

λ-cyhalothrin

Maize

239

1.96 ± 0.38

47.54

6.30–113.85

6.44 (5)

1.00

FKetMa

Maize

245

1.39 ± 0.28

50.92

3.51–147.48

6.43 (5)

1.07

FSagSo

Sorghum

216

2.24 ± 0.48

100.09

28.16–122.63

7.24 (4)

2.11

FAgbMa

Maize

238

2.40 ± 0.44

151.77

66.89–264.27

3.23 (5)

3.19

FAthCa

Cabbage

237

2.59 ± 0.71

166.51

29.43–340.40

4.29 (5)

3.50

FAthMa

Maize

241

1.78 ± 0.33

187.36

69.67–363.86

2.14 (5)

3.94

FOuiMa

Maize

239

2.45 ± 0.43

250.95

31.61–644.89

11.23 (5)

5.28

FAgaMa

Maize

233

2.31 ± 0.47

251.5

27.47–635.98

6.93 (5)

5.29

FZinMa

Maize

240

2.93 ± 1.58

482.7

226.27–556.82

8.86 (5)

10.15

TOGO

FAveMa

Maize

193

1.16 ± 0.23

146.32

48.81–287.41

1.83 (5)

1.00

FAmoMa

Maize

203

1.07 ± 0.20

212.51

9.94–667.40

10.10 (5)

1.45

FHlaMa

Maize

206

1.71 ± 0.40

213.79

3.69–1828.68

7.20 (5)

1.46

FAdkMa

Maize

214

1.15 ± 0.19

314.63

146.31- 556.52

3.55 (5)

2.15

FMitMa

Maize

204

1.28 ± 0.29

344.96

132.92–623.13

3.42 (4)

2.36

NIGER

FDjiMa

Maize

246

0.83 ± 0.15

394.61

160.90–457.95

17.56 (5)

1.00

FGamMa

Maize

244

0.92 ± 0.19

438.81

55.99–1271.07

5.67 (5)

1.11

FMadMa

Maize

242

4.76 ± 2.12

1039.83

347.78–1152.37

4.36 (4)

2.64

MALI

FMalMa

Maize

147

0.50 ± 0.10

339.03

107.99–1257.64

0.51 (3)

1.00

BENIN

FZouMa

Chlorpyrifos

Maize

244

0.65 ± 0.17

248.07

38.19–593.27

0.38 (5)

1.00

FZinMa

Maize

238

1.43 ± 0.45

1071.62

875.55–1347.51

6.24 (5)

4.32

FAgaMa

Maize

237

0.50 ± 0.26

1166.47

365.40–2459.58

0.81 (4)

4.70

FAthCa

Cabbage

239

0.53 ± 0.19

1356.4

821.80–1807.92

0.65 (5)

5.47

FAthSo

Sorghum

179

0.99 ± 0.31

1547.55

628.63–6089.43

1.02 (4)

6.24

FAthMa

Maize

150

1.22 ± 0.32

1711.6

965.67–7234.00

1.38 (3)

6.90

FOuiMa

Maize

228

1.00 ± 0.31

2029.93

1777.63–2855.55

5.14 (5)

8.18

FAgbMa

Maize

245

1.10 ± 0.52

2574.4

2080.21–2940.57

3.78 (5)

10.38

FSagSo

Sorghum

203

1.03 ± 0.28

2993.8

1306.60–7866.30

1.05 (5)

12.07

TOGO

FAveMa

Maize

162

1.20 ± 0.24

206.7

16.58–543.48

8.43 (5)

1.00

FAdkMa

Maize

189

1.32 ± 0.24

301.6

134.62–515.87

4.45 (5)

1.46

FAmoMa

Maize

73

0.60 ± 0.44

1608.14

1023.46–2533.49

0.28 (5)

7.78

FHlaMa

Maize

173

6.60 ± 5.03

5763.58

219.02–31992.86

2.23 (5)

27.88

FMitMa

Maize

178

0.45 ± 0.27

10575.38

4601.33-1606.07

0.68 (4)

51.16

NIGER

FMadMa

Maize

240

0.84 ± 0.26

3031.3

1336.4–21691.00

0.92 (4)

1.00

FGamMa

Maize

201

0.47 ± 0.21

16156.83

407.60–201843.31

0.31 (5)

5.33

FDjiMa

Maize

245

0.46 ± 0.23

39311.02

7933.33–65933.89

0.62 (5)

12.97

BENIN

FAthCa

Emamectin Benzoate

Cabbage

115

1.89 ± 0.51

3.55

1.35–6.01

0.90 (3)

1.00

FAgbMa

Maize

246

1.79 ± 0.47

4.21

1.30–7.80

1.68 (5)

1.19

FAgaMa

Maize

120

1.64 ± 0.65

4.68

2.49–7.95

6.23 (3)

1.32

TOGO

FAveMa

Maize

200

1.08 ± 0.26

0.8

0.12–2.04

2.74 (5)

1.00

FAdkMa

Maize

197

0.86 ± 0.24

3.07

0.27–5.08

5.93 (5)

3.84

FAmoMa

Maize

202

1.12 ± 0.26

11.74

0.57–34.95

6.38 (5)

14.68

FMitMa

Maize

200

2.97 ± 1.21

14.64

0.58–53.71

7.05 (4)

18.30

FHlaMa

Maize

194

2.09 ± 0.76

16.65

0.24–168.58

3.14 (5)

20.81

NIGER

FGamMa

Maize

207

0.63 ± 0.11

0.52

0.11–1.46

3.07 (5)

1.00

FMadMa

Maize

202

0.70 ± 0.16

1.49

0.66–2.04

6.92 (4)

2.87

FDjiMa

Maize

224

1.54 ± 0.50

12.68

7.91–12.22

5.52 (5)

24.38

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