Table 2 Performance comparison of SoC estimation methods across different drive cycles.

Drive cycle	Methods	RMSE	MSE	MAPE	MAE
BJDST	SFO-EKF¹⁶	0. 74	0.049	6.492	0. 418
	HMDNN¹⁷	0. 625	0.053	8.318	0. 569
	IWHODL-BMS¹⁸	0. 596	0.092	6.31	0. 635
	WSO-HDLNN²⁰	0. 699	0.055	5.32	0. 486
	CNN-BWGRU²¹	0. 422	0.030	6.730	0.586
	Proposed	0.093	0.0086	2.14	0.281
US06	SFO-EKF¹⁶	0. 84	0.029	4.592	0. 618
	HMDNN¹⁷	0. 675	0.053	7.318	0.549
	IWHODL-BMS¹⁸	0. 596	0.062	5.31	0. 735
	WSO-HDLNN²⁰	0. 499	0.075	6.32	0. 986
	CNN-BWGRU²¹	0. 322	0.040	7.830	0.486
	Proposed	0.0389	0.002	0.235	0.132
FUDS	SFO-EKF¹⁶	0. 64	0.039	5. 592	0. 318
	HMDNN¹⁷	0. 725	0.043	9.318	0. 49
	IWHODL-BMS¹⁸	0. 696	0.092	6.31	0. 935
	WSO-HDLNN²⁰	0. 799	0.055	4.32	0. 886
	CNN-BWGRU²¹	0. 622	0.030	7. 30	0.386
	Proposed	0.101	0.01	3.342	0.289

Quick links

Search