Fig. 2

Impact of Amerindian Ancestry on Clinical Variables in IBD Subgroups. (A) Median Amerindian ancestry proportion across various clinical features in IBD (Median group yes versus Median group no). A higher median Amerindian ancestry proportion was associated with early-onset IBD/UC, a severe disease course (IBD), and UC flare during COVID-19 infection. Conversely, a lower median Amerindian ancestry proportion is linked to prolonged clinical and endoscopic remission in UC and IBD, current use of biological therapy in IBD, and perianal disease in CD (B) High Amerindian Ancestry Proportion Impact on Clinical Outcomes. We defined HAAP as an Amerindian ancestry proportion equal to or greater than 43%. In the UC group, a high proportion of patients with HAAP had a history of pouch formation, surgical resection, and IBD flare during a COVID-19 infection. Conversely, most patients who achieved clinical and endoscopic remission over a year (UC), underwent resective surgery (CD), had a previous history of gastrointestinal infection (IBD), experienced past infection by Clostridioides (IBD), or had prolonged clinical and endoscopic remission (IBD) did not have HAAP. IBD: Inflammatory Bowel Disease, UC: Ulcerative Colitis, CD: Crohn’s Disease, HAAP: High Amerindian Ancestry Proportion, COVID-19=Coronavirus 19 infection.