Table 1 Demographics of the discovery sample.
From: Metabolomic signatures of cognitive function in a type 2 Diabetes-Enriched cohort
European Americans | African Americans | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
n | 137 | 134 | |
Female (n, (%)) | 65 (47%) | 78 (58%) | 0.077 |
Diabetes Heart Study (DHS) and African American-Diabetes Heart Study (AA-DHS) | |||
Age (years) | 60.4 ± 9.4 | 58.5 ± 8.7 | 0.0008 |
DHS MIND and AA-DHS MIND | |||
Age (years) | 67.1 ± 9.4 | 63.4 ± 8.8 | 0.0008 |
Body Mass Index (BMI; kg/m2) | 31.9 ± 6.7 | 34.5 ± 8.6 | 0.0073 |
Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c; %) | 7.3 ± 1.3 | 7.6 ± 1.6 | 0.056 |
Education (n, (%)) | < 0.0001 | ||
Less than high school | 26 (19%) | 18 (13%) | |
High school | 72 (53%) | 42 (31%) | |
Above high school | 39 (28%) | 74 (55%) | |
Lipid lowering medication (n, (%)) | 73 (44%) | 87 (65%) | 0.052 |
Prevalent CVD (n, (%)) | 47 (28%) | 33 (25%) | 0.089 |
Smoking (n, (%)) | 0.019 | ||
Never | 59 (43%) | 51 (38%) | |
Former | 64 (47%) | 51 (38%) | |
Current | 14 (10%) | 30 (22%) | |
Hypertension (n, (%)) | 125 (91%) | 117 (87%) | 0.48 |
Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Task (RAVLT) | |||
Sum of 5 Trials | 40.5 ± 11.0 | 36.5 ± 9.10 | 0.0005 |
Delayed Recall | 7.0 ± 3.4 | 5.1 ± 3.3 | < 0.0001 |
Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MSE) | 89.8 ± 7.6 | 85.0 ± 9.3 | < 0.0001 |
Digit Symbol Coding (DSC) | 47.7 ± 14.3 | 45.7 ± 14.6 | 0.24 |
Stroop Task | 35.5 ± 18.1 | 36.2 ± 17.4 | 0.86 |
Semantic Fluency | 15.7 ± 4.3 | 15.0 ± 4.4 | 0.19 |
