Table 1 Independent variables with their respective levels for a fractional factorial design of laccase production (U L− 1) from V. salarius.

From: Green valorization of garlic peel waste using halophilic laccase for efficient biomass delignification and biorefinery applications

Independent variable

Unit

Symbol

Coded variable level

Low (− 1)

Medium (0)

High (+ 1)

Sodium chloride

M

X1

1

2

3

pH

 

X2

6

7

8

Temperature

°C

X3

25

35

45

Inoculum size

%

X4

1

2

3

Medium-to-air ratio

 

X5

1:10

2:10

3:10

Glucose

%

X6

0.5

1

1.5

Peptone

%

X7

0.5

1

1.5

Ferrous sulfate

mM

X8

0.5

1

1.5

Copper sulfate

mM

X9

3

5

7