Table 6 Efficiency of electrical and thermal energy storage systems on the daily and monthly operating cost.

From: Optimal operation of multi-carrier energy systems integrated with renewable energy sources and hydrogen storage systems

Time horizon

Battery and thermal

energy storage

Battery energy

storage

Thermal energy

storage

No battery and

thermal energy

storage

Daily

1439.06

1443

1443.05

1448.01

Monthly

43171.8

43,290

43291.5

43440.3