Table 6 Two-way ANOVA (2 groups × 3 time points) of changes in neurotrophic growth factor levels induced by the Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) before and after a 14-day IPC/SHAM intervention.

From: Ischemic preconditioning modulates iron metabolism, acute inflammatory and neurotrophic responses to anaerobic exercise in untrained individuals: a randomized controlled trial

Variable

IPC/SHAM

intervention

Effect

F

Df

P

Effect Size (η2)

Post-Hoc outcome

BDNF

Before

GR

T

GR × T

0.08

3.34

1.48

1, 26

2, 52

2, 52

0.77

0.04*

0.23

0.01

0.11

0.05

II > I

After

GR

T

GR × T

4.16

0.27

7.94

1, 26

2, 52

2, 52

0.05*

0.76

0.00**

0.14

0.01

0.23

IPC < SHAM

I-IPC > III-IPC;

I-SHAM < III-SHAM;

III-IPC < III-SHAM

IGF-1

Before

GR

T

GR × T

2.16

0.44

0.59

1, 26

2, 52

2, 52

0.15

0.64

0.55

0.08

0.02

0.02

 

After

GR

RT

GR × T

3.44

1.33

3.99

1, 26

2, 52

2, 52

0.07

0.02

0.02*

0.11

0.05

0.13

II > I, III

II-IPC > I-IPC;

II-IPC > II-SHAM

NGF

Before

GR

T

GR × T

1.25

18.01

2.15

1, 26

2, 52

2, 52

0.27

0.00**

0.13

0.05

0.41

0.07

II > I, III

After

GR

T

GR × T

1.01

26.03

0.45

1, 26

2, 52

2, 52

0.32

0.00**

0.63

0.03

0.50

0.02

II > I, III

sAPPα

Before

GR

T

GR × T

0.10

3.57

0.75

1, 26

2, 52

2, 52

0.75

0.04

0.47

 < 0.01

0.12

0.03

II > I

After

GR

T

GR × T

1.06

4.07

8.46

1, 26

2, 52

2, 52

0.31

0.02*

0.00**

0.04

0.14

0.24

II > I

II-IPC > I, III-IPC;

  1. Markers: brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), nerve growth factor (NGF), Amyloid Precursor Protein-α (sAPPα).
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