Fig. 1

Compound–target–disease interaction network. Hexagonal nodes in blue-green shades represent the 189 intersecting human protein targets. Orange oval nodes represent 59 compounds from Radix Salviae miltiorrhizae. Green arrowhead nodes represent 17 compounds from Radix Astragali. Blue parallelogram nodes represent eight compounds from Radix Paeoniae rubrae. Purple triangle nodes represent 11 intersection compounds shared among multiple herbs. Pink diamond nodes represent 14 compounds derived from other herbs in the NeuroAid II formula. The complete list of compound–target–disease interactions is provided in Supplementary Data 1, specifically in the tab titled “Compound–disease interactions”.