Table 6 Drug-likeness, pharmacokinetic, and toxicological profiles of the top three NeuroAid II ligands.

From: Integrative molecular simulations reveal NeuroAid II mechanisms in ischemic stroke through network pharmacology, molecular dynamics, and pharmacophore modeling

Parameter

Baicalin

DCP-sterol

DMCG

Molecular weight (MW) (g/mol)

446.39

414.79

626.67

AlogP

0.64

8.08

 − 0.68

Hydrogen bond donor (HBD)

6

1

8

Hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA)

11

1

15

Oral bioavailability (OB) (%)

40.12

36.91

49.28

Caco-2 cell permeability

 − 0.85

1.32

 − 2.22

Blood–brain barrier (BBB)

 − 1.74

0.87

 − 3.36

Drug-likeness (DL)

0.75

0.75

0.620

Total surface area (TSA) (Å2)

296.83

350.06

430.38

Polar surface area (PSA) (Å2)

183.21

20.23

226.45

Mutagenic

None

None

None

Tumorigenic

None

None

None

Reproductive effective

None

None

High

Irritant

None

None

None

Shape index

0.47

0.55

0.45

Molecular flexibility

0.17

0.35

0.28

Molecular complexity

0.90

0.70

0.87