Table 4 Longitudinal associations of NT-proBNP with 10-year change in kidney functiona.

From: Longitudinal and cross-sectional associations of myocardial stress markers with kidney function and chronic kidney disease in the BiomarCaRE project

eGFR

Items

Categories of NT-proBNPb

per 1 SD increase in log-transformed

G1

G2

G3

G4

eGFRcr

Median, pg/ml

25.7

72.2

166.2

477.6

46.0

 

participants; observations

2178; 5330

1494; 3622

445; 1055

88; 201

4205; 10,208

 

Model 1

Ref

−0.90 (−1.66, −0.14) *

−3.11 (−4.27, −1.94) ***

−8.41 (−10.8, −6.01) ***

−1.37 (−1.74, −1.01) ***

 

Model 2

Ref

−0.80 (−1.55, −0.05) *

−2.74 (−3.90, −1.58) ***

−8.17 (−10.6, −5.77) ***

−1.26 (−1.62, −0.89) ***

 

Model 3

Ref

−0.81 (−1.66, 0.04)

−3.19 (−4.51, −1.88) ***

−8.51 (−11.2, −5.77) ***

−1.39 (−1.80, −0.99) ***

eGFRcys

Median, pg/ml

25.3

72.7

161.8

518.0

47.2

 

participants; observations

1345; 3643

948; 2520

295; 747

63; 151

2651; 7061

 

Model 1

Ref

−0.95 (−1.92, 0.02)

−2.82 (−4.31, −1.33) ***

−5.36 (−8.40, −2.33) ***

−1.12 (−1.58, −0.66) ***

 

Model 2

Ref

−0.73 (−1.68, 0.22)

−2.29 (−3.76, −0.83) **

−4.79 (−7.78, −1.80) **

−0.93 (−1.38, −0.48) ***

 

Model 3

Ref

−0.86 (−1.92, 0.19)

−2.48 (−4.10, −0.87) **

−5.71 (−8.97, −2.45) ***

−1.08 (−1.57, −0.58) ***

eGFRcr-cys

Median, pg/ml

25.3

72.7

161.8

518.0

47.2

 

participants; observations

1345; 3643

948; 2520

295; 747

63; 151

2651; 7061

 

Model 1

Ref

−1.21 (−2.06, −0.35) **

−3.80 (−5.12, −2.48) ***

−7.78 (−10.5, −5.09) ***

−1.54 (−1.95, −1.14) ***

 

Model 2

Ref

−1.04 (−1.88, −0.20) *

−3.37 (−4.66, −2.07) ***

−7.28 (−9.92, −4.64) ***

−1.37 (−1.77, −0.98) ***

 

Model 3

Ref

−1.14 (−2.08, −0.20) *

−3.62 (−5.06, −2.18) ***

−8.10 (−11.0, −5.20) ***

−1.53 (−1.97, −1.09) ***

  1. aLinear mixed-effects models were used to investigate the associations of NT-proBNP with change in eGFR, using “lme4” package. The follow-up duration was used as the timescale and divided by 10 to give a 10-year change. The fixed effects included standardized log-transformed NT-proBNP, follow-up duration, and their interaction terms, while random effects included random intercept and random slope (i.e., individual differences in eGFR change). The β coefficient of the interaction term is the impact of NT-proBNP on the 10-year change in eGFR. The same models were applied for grouped NT-proBNP (G1-4), with G1 serving as the reference group.
  2. bCategories of NT-proBNP: G1: < 48; G2: 48–125; G3: 125–300; G4: ≥ 300 pg/ml.
  3. Model 1: adjusted for age and sex;
  4. Model 2: model 1 plus body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption, systolic blood pressure, use of antihypertensive medication, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, log-transformed triglycerides, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases;
  5. Model 3: model 2 plus baseline eGFR.
  6. CI, confidence interval; G, group; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; eGFRcr, creatinine-based eGFR; eGFRcys, cystatin C-based eGFR; eGFRcr-cys, creatinine and cystatin C-based eGFR; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; Ref, reference; SD, standard deviation.
  7. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.
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