Fig. 3

Scanning electron microscopy of the spiracular plate of unfed adult males R. sanguineus with different treatments. (A) Untreated Control, (B) Butox^®, (C) thyme oil (TO), (D) thyme nano-emulsion (TNE), (E) thyme nano-emulsion containing silver nanoparticles (TNE-AgNPs), SP (spiracular plate), ap (aeropyle).