Table 4 Mortality rate of R. sanguineus unfed adult ticks treated with different concentrations of thyme nano-emulsion (TNE) for 7 successive days. Means within a column and followed by different letters are significantly different (Tukey test: P < 0.05).

30% TNE

30.00 ± 5.77^b

50.00 ± 5.77^c

56.67 ± 8.82^c

80.00 ± 15.28^c

93.33 ± 6.67^c

100.00 ± 0.00^e

100.00 ± 0.00^d

20% TNE

3.33 ± 3.33^a

10.00 ± 0.00^a

20.00 ± 10.00^ab

26.67 ± 16.67^ab

80.00 ± 10.00^c

86.67 ± 3.33^de

93.33 ± 3.33^d

10% TNE

0.00 ± 0.00^a

10.00 ± 0.00^a

13.33 ± 3.33^ab

23.33 ± 8.82^ab

50.00 ± 15.28^bc

63.33 ± 14.53^cd

70.00 ± 15.28^cd

5% TNE

0.00 ± 0.00^a

10.00 ± 0.00^a

10.00 ± 0.00^ab

10.00 ± 0.00^a

20.00 ± 10.00^ab

33.33 ± 3.33^bc

46.67 ± 6.67^bc

2.5% TNE

0.00 ± 0.00^a

0.00 ± 0.00^a

3.33 ± 3.33^a

10.00 ± 0.00^a

13.33 ± 3.33^ab

20.00 ± 5.77^ab

20.00 ± 5.77^ab

Butox^®

20.00 ± 5.77^b

23.33 ± 3.33^b

30.00 ± 5.77^b

60.00 ± 10.00^bc

76.67 ± 13.33^c

93.33 ± 6.67^de

100.00 ± 0.00^d

Control without Tween

0.00 ± 0.00^a

0.00 ± 0.00^a

0.00 ± 0.00^a

0.00 ± 0.00^a

0.00 ± 0.00^a

0.00 ± 0.00^a

0.00 ± 0.00^a

Control with Tween

0.00 ± 0.00^a

0.00 ± 0.00^a

0.00 ± 0.00^a

0.00 ± 0.00^a

0.00 ± 0.00^a

0.00 ± 0.00^a

0.00 ± 0.00^a

F(7,16)

14.041

51.679

12.626

9.859

17.448

44.362

46.379

P

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001