Table 5 The values of statistical indicators for the derivation phase.

From: Application of swarm-based deep neural networks and ensemble models for reconstruction of specific conductance data

Method

Training

Validation

NRMSE

R2

NSE

NRMSE

R2

NSE

MLR

0.13

0.554

0.554

0.142

0.541

0.466

MLPNN

0.099

0.738

0.738

0.128

0.608

0.565

ANFIS

0.102

0.722

0.722

0.117

0.655

0.64

LSTM

0.125

0.584

0.584

0.127

0.581

0.57

LSTM-TFWO

0.115

0.648

0.647

0.12

0.618

0.617

GMDH

0.122

0.605

0.605

0.123

0.607

0.599

NGMDH-TFWO

0.12

0.619

0.618

0.12

0.623

0.876

CART

0.049

0.936

0.936

0.064

0.892

0.892

RF

0.025

0.984

0.983

0.041

0.955

0.955

XGBoost

0.009

0.998

0.998

0.036

0.966

0.965

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