Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

Advertisement

Scientific Reports
  • View all journals
  • Search
  • My Account Login
  • Content Explore content
  • About the journal
  • Publish with us
  • Sign up for alerts
  • RSS feed
  1. nature
  2. scientific reports
  3. articles
  4. article
Entropy and thermal dynamics motivated by ternary nanocomposites and geometric influence of oblique channel
Download PDF
Download PDF
  • Article
  • Open access
  • Published: 17 February 2026

Entropy and thermal dynamics motivated by ternary nanocomposites and geometric influence of oblique channel

  • Maher Jebali1,
  • Adnan2,
  • Herbert Mukalazi3,
  • Sami Ullah Khan4,
  • Zeineb Klai5,
  • Mohamed Bouzidi6,
  • Hijaz Ahmad7,8,9,10 &
  • …
  • Yasir Khan11 

Scientific Reports , Article number:  (2026) Cite this article

  • 662 Accesses

  • Metrics details

We are providing an unedited version of this manuscript to give early access to its findings. Before final publication, the manuscript will undergo further editing. Please note there may be errors present which affect the content, and all legal disclaimers apply.

Subjects

  • Engineering
  • Materials science
  • Mathematics and computing
  • Nanoscience and technology
  • Physics

Abstract

Thermal transport in converging/diverging channels finds applications in various engineering fields, including heat exchangers, microfluidics, and biomedical devices, due to their ability to enhance heat transfer and control fluid flow. The use of nanoparticles cannot be circumvented because of their promising characteristics. These materials widely used in applied thermal engineering, to enhance or control thermal transport in machinery, transformer, chemical engineering. The flow in tank designed for oblique walls is common in practical situations and the dynamics of fluids are essential to maintain it for desired purposes. Therefore, the concept of traditional nanoliquid models is extended for advanced ternary fluids. To acquire the beneficial model results, the momentum slip, viscous dissipative phenomena and elastic walls conditions along with new innovative ternary nanoliquid characteristics are adopted for the model formulation. Then, the results with special emphasis on thermal, entropy optimization, shear drag and heat transport rate are obtained via RK scheme and a comprehensive physical description is provided. The ternary nanoliquid possesses remarkable thermal transport and dominant behaviour is inspected for entropy, shear drag and heat transfer rate at the elastic walls under \(Ec, Re, \alpha\) and \(\gamma\). These fluids are recommended for different application especially in applied thermal engineering.

Similar content being viewed by others

Two-phase simulation of entropy optimized mixed convection flow of two different shear-thinning nanomaterials in thermal and mass diffusion systems with Lorentz forces

Article Open access 04 January 2024

A dynamic assessment of various non-Newtonian models for ternary hybrid nanomaterial involving partially ionized mechanism

Article Open access 19 June 2022

Numerical and machine learning based evaluation of ethylene glycol based hybrid nano-structured (TiO2-SWCNTs) fluid flow

Article Open access 19 February 2025

Data availability

The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

References

  1. Rashidi, M. M., Mahariq, I., Nazari, M. A., Accouche, O. & Bhatti, M. M. Comprehensive review on exergy analysis of shell and tube heat exchangers. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 147, 12301–12311 (2022).

    Google Scholar 

  2. Abbas, A. W., Eladeb, A. & Kolsi, L. Numerical analysis of thermal improvement in hydrogen-based host fluids under buoyancy force and EPNM effects: Study for vertical cylinder. ZAAM J. Appl. Math. Mech. https://doi.org/10.1002/zamm.202200449 (2024).

    Google Scholar 

  3. Nidhish, K. M., Adnan, Sarfraz, G., Fwaz, M. Z. B. & Eldin, S. M. Dynamics of Corcione nanoliquid on a convectively radiated surface using Al2O3 nanoparticles. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-023-12448-y (2023).

    Google Scholar 

  4. Madhukesh, J. K. et al. Numerical simulation of AA7072-AA7075/water-based hybrid nanofluid flow over a curved stretching sheet with Newtonian heating: A non-Fourier heat flux model approach. J. Mol. Liq. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116103 (2021).

    Google Scholar 

  5. Gowda, R. J. P., Kumar, R. N., Prasannakumara, B. C., Nagaraja, B. & Gireesha, B. J. Exploring magnetic dipole contribution on ferromagnetic nanofluid flow over a stretching sheet: An application of Stefan blowing. J. Mol. Liq. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116215 (2021).

    Google Scholar 

  6. Aziz, S. et al. A revised double diffusion Cattaneo-Christov bioconvective model for unsteady Williamson nanofluid due to Riga surface with additional nonlinear thermal sources. ZAMM Journal of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics https://doi.org/10.1002/zamm.202400225 (2024).

    Google Scholar 

  7. Sarfraz, G., Said, N. M., Bilal, M., Elhag, A. F. A. & Hassan, A. M. Significance of radiated ternary nanofluid for thermal transport in stagnation point flow using thermal slip and dissipation function. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2023.103631 (2023).

    Google Scholar 

  8. Ali, B. et al. Mixed convective flow of hybrid nanofluid over a heated stretching disk with zero-mass flux using the modified Buongiorno model. Alex. Eng. J. 72, 89–96 (2023).

    Google Scholar 

  9. Khadija, R., Mahmood, Z., Alqahtani, H. & Sayed, M. E. Various nanoparticle shapes and quadratic velocity impacts on entropy generation and MHD flow over a stretching sheet with joule heating. Alex. Eng. J. 71, 147–159 (2023).

    Google Scholar 

  10. Mishra, N. K., Ashraf, W., Mir, A. & Lioua, K. Thermal process computing in nanofluid using dissipation and squeezing constraints. ZAAM Journal of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics https://doi.org/10.1002/zamm.202300195 (2024).

    Google Scholar 

  11. Nadeem, A., Mahmoud, H. A., Ali, A. & Eldin, S. M. Significance of Koo-Kleinstreuer-Li model for thermal enhancement in nanofluid under magnetic field and thermal radiation factors using LSM. Adv. Mech. Eng. https://doi.org/10.1177/16878132231206906 (2023).

    Google Scholar 

  12. Kumar, N. M., Rahman, K. U., Sayed, M. E. & Bani-Fwaz, M. Z. Investigation of blood flow characteristics saturated by graphene/CuO hybrid nanoparticles under quadratic radiation using VIM: study for expanding/contracting channel. Sci. Rep. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-35695-3 (2023).

    Google Scholar 

  13. Bilal, M. et al. Darcy-Forchheimer hybrid nano fluid flow with mixed convection past an inclined cylinder. Computers, Materials & Continua https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2020.012677 (2020).

    Google Scholar 

  14. Waqas, H. et al. Heat transfer analysis of hybrid nanofluid flow with thermal radiation through a stretching sheet: A comparative study. Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transfer https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2022.106303 (2022).

    Google Scholar 

  15. Kumar, R. N., Gamaoun, F., Abdulrahman, A., Chohan, J. S. & Gowda, R. J. P. Heat transfer analysis in three-dimensional unsteady magnetic fluid flow of water-based ternary hybrid nanofluid conveying three various shaped nanoparticles: A comparative study. Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 25, 36 (2022).

    Google Scholar 

  16. Gul, T. et al. Viscous dissipated hybrid nanoliquid flow with Darcy-Forchheimer and forced convection over a moving thin needle. AIP Adv. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0022210 (2020).

    Google Scholar 

  17. Pattnaik, P. K., Mishra, S. R., Shamshuddin, M. D., Panda, S. & Baithalu, R. Significant statistical model of heat transfer rate in radiative Carreau tri-hybrid nanofluid with entropy analysis using response surface methodology used in solar aircraft. Renew. Energy https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2024.121521 (2024).

    Google Scholar 

  18. Dey, S., Ontela, S., Pattnaik, P. K. & Mishra, S. R. Particle shape analysis on thermally stratified 3D rotational Darcy-Forchheimer flow with hydromagnetic Williamson hybrid nanofluid containing Ag-MoS4. Colloid Polym. Sci. 303, 483–501 (2025).

    Google Scholar 

  19. Rauf, A., Hussain, F., Mushtaq, A., Shah, N. A. & Ali, M. R. MHD mixed convection flow for Maxwell Hybrid nanofluid with Soret, Dufour and Morphology effects. Arab. J. Chem. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104965 (2023).

    Google Scholar 

  20. Dey, S., Ontela, S., Pattnaik, P. K. & Mishra, S. R. Blood-based tri-hybrid nanofluid flow through a porous channel with the impact of thermal radiation used in drug administration. Partial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics https://doi.org/10.1016/j.padiff.2025.101137 (2025).

    Google Scholar 

  21. Panda, S. et al. Computation of Fe3O4-CoFe2O4 hybrid nanofluid flow in stretchable (Shrinkable) wedge with Variant magnetized force and heat generation. Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jestch.2024.101839 (2024).

    Google Scholar 

  22. Ali, F., Kamal, M., Ahmed, M. F. & Zafar, S. S. Exact exploration of heat radiation and chemical reactive in the porosity flow of hybrid nanofluid using the Laplace transform. ZAMM Journal of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics https://doi.org/10.1002/zamm.70050 (2025).

    Google Scholar 

  23. Rana, P., Shukla, N., Gupta, Y. & Pop, I. Analytical prediction of multiple solutions for MHD Jeffery–Hamel flow and heat transfer utilizing KKL nanofluid model. Phys. Lett. A 383(2–3), 176–185 (2019).

    Google Scholar 

  24. Dey, S., Ontela, S., Pattnaik, P. K. & Mishra, S. R. Convective heat transfer of tri-hybrid nanofluid through a curved expanding surface with the impact of velocity slip and exponential heat source. Colloid Polym. Sci. 302, 1573–1590 (2024).

    Google Scholar 

  25. Mishra, S. R. et al. Radiative heat transfer on the peristaltic flow of an electrically conducting nanofluid through wavy walls of a tapered channel. Results Phys. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2023.106898 (2023).

    Google Scholar 

  26. Shah, N. A. et al. Dynamics of chemical reactive on magneto Hybrid Nanomaterial with heat radiation due to porous exponential plate: Laplace transform technique for the heat and mass. Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrras.2025.101295 (2025).

    Google Scholar 

  27. Rana, P., Shukla, N., Gupta, Y. & Pop, I. Homotopy analysis method for predicting multiple solutions in the channel flow with stability analysis. Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul. 66, 183–193 (2019).

    Google Scholar 

  28. Ahmed, M. F., Zaib, A., Ali, F., Khan, U. & Zafar, S. S. Thermal radiation of Walter-B magneto bioconvection nanofluid due to the stretching surface under convective condition and heat source/sink: A semi-analytical technique for the stagnation point. Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrras.2025.101291 (2025).

    Google Scholar 

  29. Rana, P., Shukla, N., Areekara, S. & Pop, I. Multiple solutions and temporal stability for ternary hybrid nanofluid flow between non-parallel plates with entropy generation analysis. ZAMM Journal of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics https://doi.org/10.1002/zamm.202400124 (2024).

    Google Scholar 

  30. Rauf, A., Mushtaq, A., Shah, N. A. & Botmart, T. Heat transfer and hybrid ferrofluid flow over a nonlinearly stretchable rotating disk under the influence of an alternating magnetic field. Sci. Rep. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-21784-2 (2022).

    Google Scholar 

  31. Ashraf, W. Thermal efficiency in hybrid (Al2O3-CuO/H2O) and ternary hybrid nanofluids (Al2O3-CuO-Cu/H2O) by considering the novel effects of imposed magnetic field and convective heat condition. Waves Random Complex Media https://doi.org/10.1080/17455030.2022.2092233 (2022).

    Google Scholar 

  32. Adnan, & Ashraf, W. Heat transfer mechanism in ternary nanofluid between parallel plates channel using modified Hamilton-Crossers model and thermal radiation effects. Geoenergy Science and Engineering https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoen.2023.211732 (2023).

    Google Scholar 

  33. Zahan, I., Nasrin, R. & Khatun, S. Thermal performance of ternary-hybrid nanofluids through a convergent-divergent nozzle using distilled water - ethylene glycol mixtures. Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transfer https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2022.106254 (2022).

    Google Scholar 

  34. Faizan, M., Pati, S., Randive, P. R. & Baranyi, L. Numerical study of nanofluid flow and heat transfer through a non-uniformly heated converging duct. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2022.102545 (2022).

    Google Scholar 

  35. Boujelbene, M., Rehman, S., Alqahtani, S., Alshehery, S. & Sayed, M. E. Thermal transport and magnetohydrodynamics flow of generalized Newtonian nanofluid with inherent irreversibility between conduit with slip at the walls. Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics https://doi.org/10.1080/19942060.2023.2182364 (2023).

    Google Scholar 

  36. Waqas, A. Analysis of heat transfer performance for ternary nanofluid flow in radiated channel under different physical parameters using GFEM. J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2023.104887 (2023).

    Google Scholar 

  37. Bég, O. A., Bég, T., Khan, W. A. & Uddin, M. J. Multiple slip effects on nanofluid dissipative flow in a converging/diverging channel: A numerical study. Heat Transfer https://doi.org/10.1002/htj.22341 (2021).

    Google Scholar 

  38. Laila, R. & Marwat, D. N. K. Nanofluid flow in a converging and diverging channel of rectangular and heated walls. Ain Shams Engineering Journal 12(4), 4023–4035 (2021).

    Google Scholar 

  39. Saifi, H., Sari, M. R., Kezzar, G. M., Sharifpur, M. & Sadeghzadeh, M. Heat transfer through converging-diverging channels using Adomian decomposition method. Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics 14(20), 1373–1384 (2020).

    Google Scholar 

  40. Smida, K., Sohail, M. U., Tlili, I. & Javed, A. Numerical thermal study of ternary nanofluid influenced by thermal radiation towards convectively heated sinusoidal cylinder. Heliyon https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20057 (2023).

    Google Scholar 

  41. Vinutha, K. et al. Computational examination of heat and mass transfer induced by ternary nanofluid flow across convergent/divergent channels with pollutant concentration. Water https://doi.org/10.3390/w15162955 (2023).

    Google Scholar 

  42. Mishra, A., Pandey, A. K., Chamkha, A. J. & Kumar, M. Roles of nanoparticles and heat generation/absorption on MHD flow of Ag–H2O nanofluid via porous stretching/shrinking convergent/divergent channel. J. Egyptian Math. Soc. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42787-020-00079-3 (2020).

    Google Scholar 

  43. Waqas, A. Heat transfer in tetra-nanofluid between converging/diverging channel under the influence of thermal radiations by using Galerkin finite element method. Waves in Random and Complex Media https://doi.org/10.1080/17455030.2023.2171154 (2023).

    Google Scholar 

  44. Ashraf, W. Joule heating and heat generation/absorption effects on the heat transfer mechanism in ternary nanofluid containing different shape factors in stretchable converging/diverging Channel. Waves in Random and Complex Media https://doi.org/10.1080/17455030.2023.2198038 (2023).

    Google Scholar 

  45. Mishra, N. K., Khalid, A. M. A., Rahman, K. U., Eldin, S. M. & Fwaz, M. Z. B. Investigation of improved heat transport featuring in dissipative ternary nanofluid over a stretched wavy cylinder under thermal slip. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2023.103130 (2023).

    Google Scholar 

  46. AL-Zahrani, A. A. et al. Analytical study of (Ag–Graphene)/blood hybrid nanofluid influenced by (platelets-cylindrical)nanoparticles and Joule heating via VIM. ACS Omega 8(22), 19926–19938 (2023).

    Google Scholar 

  47. Abbas, W., Sayed, M. E. & Mutasem, Z. B. F. Numerical investigation of non-transient comparative heat transport mechanism in ternary nanofluid under various physical constraints. AIMS Mathematics 8(7), 15932–15949 (2023).

    Google Scholar 

  48. Nadeem, A. & Sayed, M. E. Heat transport mechanism in glycerin-titania nanofluid over a permeable slanted surface by considering nanoparticles aggregation and Cattaneo Christov thermal flux. Sci. Prog. https://doi.org/10.1177/00368504231180032 (2023).

    Google Scholar 

  49. Alharbi, K. A. M. & Galal, A. M. Novel magneto-radiative thermal featuring in SWCNT–MWCNT/C2H6O2–H2O under hydrogen bonding. Int. J. Mod. Phys. B https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217979224500176 (2023).

    Google Scholar 

  50. Adnan,. Heat transfer inspection in [(ZnO-MWCNTs)/water-EG(50:50)]hnf with thermal radiation ray and convective condition over a Riga surface. Waves in Random and Complex Media https://doi.org/10.1080/17455030.2022.2119300 (2022).

    Google Scholar 

  51. Adnan, Alharbi, K. A. M., Bani-Fwaz, M. Z., Eldin, S. M. & Yassen, M. F. Numerical heat performance of TiO2/Glycerin under nanoparticles aggregation and nonlinear radiative heat flux in dilating/squeezing channel. Case Stud. Therm. Eng. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2022.102568 (2023).

    Google Scholar 

  52. Abdulkhaliq, K. A. M., Adnan, & Akgul, A. Investigation of Williamson nanofluid in a convectively heated peristaltic channel and magnetic field via method of moments. AIP Adv. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0141498 (2023).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at Northern Border University, Rafha, KSA for funding this research work through the project number “NBU-FFR-2026-2942-01”.

Funding

This research received no external funding.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Computer Science Department, Applied College, University of Ha’il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha’il City, 55476, Saudi Arabia

    Maher Jebali

  2. Department of Mathematics, Mohi-ud-Din Islamic University, Nerian Sharif, AJ&K, 12080, Pakistan

    Adnan

  3. Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Kyambogo University, Kampala, Uganda

    Herbert Mukalazi

  4. Department of Mathematics, Namal University, Mianwali, 42250, Pakistan

    Sami Ullah Khan

  5. Department of Computer Sciences, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, Northern Border University, Rafha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Zeineb Klai

  6. Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Ha’il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia

    Mohamed Bouzidi

  7. Prof. Dr. Irfan Suat Gunsel Operational Research Institute, Near East University, Nicosia/TRNC, Mersin 10, 99138, Turkey

    Hijaz Ahmad

  8. Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah, 42351, Saudi Arabia

    Hijaz Ahmad

  9. Department of Mathematics, College of Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea

    Hijaz Ahmad

  10. Engineered Biomaterials Research Center, Khazar University, Baku, Azerbaijan

    Hijaz Ahmad

  11. Department of Mathematics, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin, 31991, Saudi Arabia

    Yasir Khan

Authors
  1. Maher Jebali
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Adnan
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Herbert Mukalazi
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Sami Ullah Khan
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Zeineb Klai
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Mohamed Bouzidi
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Hijaz Ahmad
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Yasir Khan
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Adnan and H.M, S.U.K: Conceptualization, Formulation, Formal analysis, writing original draft. M.J., Z.K., M.B., H.A., and Y.K.: Investigation, software, Execution of the results in Tables 1, 2, 3 and 4, Plotted the graphical results, language and editing, validation and discussion.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Adnan, Herbert Mukalazi or Zeineb Klai.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

There is no competing interest regarding this work.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Jebali, M., Adnan, Mukalazi, H. et al. Entropy and thermal dynamics motivated by ternary nanocomposites and geometric influence of oblique channel. Sci Rep (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-38880-2

Download citation

  • Received: 04 October 2025

  • Accepted: 31 January 2026

  • Published: 17 February 2026

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-38880-2

Share this article

Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

Keywords

  • Thermal and entropy generation
  • Ternary nanofluid
  • Oblique walls
  • Momentum slip
  • Stretching/shrinking
Download PDF

Advertisement

Explore content

  • Research articles
  • News & Comment
  • Collections
  • Subjects
  • Follow us on Facebook
  • Follow us on X
  • Sign up for alerts
  • RSS feed

About the journal

  • About Scientific Reports
  • Contact
  • Journal policies
  • Guide to referees
  • Calls for Papers
  • Editor's Choice
  • Journal highlights
  • Open Access Fees and Funding

Publish with us

  • For authors
  • Language editing services
  • Open access funding
  • Submit manuscript

Search

Advanced search

Quick links

  • Explore articles by subject
  • Find a job
  • Guide to authors
  • Editorial policies

Scientific Reports (Sci Rep)

ISSN 2045-2322 (online)

nature.com sitemap

About Nature Portfolio

  • About us
  • Press releases
  • Press office
  • Contact us

Discover content

  • Journals A-Z
  • Articles by subject
  • protocols.io
  • Nature Index

Publishing policies

  • Nature portfolio policies
  • Open access

Author & Researcher services

  • Reprints & permissions
  • Research data
  • Language editing
  • Scientific editing
  • Nature Masterclasses
  • Research Solutions

Libraries & institutions

  • Librarian service & tools
  • Librarian portal
  • Open research
  • Recommend to library

Advertising & partnerships

  • Advertising
  • Partnerships & Services
  • Media kits
  • Branded content

Professional development

  • Nature Awards
  • Nature Careers
  • Nature Conferences

Regional websites

  • Nature Africa
  • Nature China
  • Nature India
  • Nature Japan
  • Nature Middle East
  • Privacy Policy
  • Use of cookies
  • Legal notice
  • Accessibility statement
  • Terms & Conditions
  • Your US state privacy rights
Springer Nature

© 2026 Springer Nature Limited

Nature Briefing AI and Robotics

Sign up for the Nature Briefing: AI and Robotics newsletter — what matters in AI and robotics research, free to your inbox weekly.

Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Sign up for Nature Briefing: AI and Robotics