Abstract
Diabetic wounds remain a major clinical challenge due to delayed healing, persistent inflammation, and limited efficacy of existing therapies. Resveratrol possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties but is restricted by poor solubility and rapid degradation. This study developed silk fibroin-coated resveratrol solid lipid nanoparticles (SF-RSLNs) to enhance resveratrol stability, provide controlled release, and improve therapeutic performance in diabetic wound healing. SF-RSLNs were fabricated using a microemulsion technique and optimized through a Box–Behnken design. The optimized nanoparticles exhibited a mean particle size of 222.1 nm, zeta potential of − 32 mV, entrapment efficiency of 85.7%, and drug loading of 10.2%. Characterization was performed using FTIR, SEM, and DLS analyses. In-vitro assessments included cytotoxicity (MTT), antioxidant activity (DPPH and ROS scavenging), antibacterial activity, scratch-wound healing, anti-inflammatory assays, and hemocompatibility evaluation. SF-RSLNs demonstrated sustained drug release (∼75% over 48 h), enhanced antioxidant activity (85% DPPH scavenging at 40 µg/mL), and significant wound closure (90% at 48 h). Antibacterial activity was improved, with inhibition zones of 18 mm against Staphylococcus aureus and 20 mm against Escherichia coli. SF-RSLNs also reduced TNF-α levels by 65% and increased IL-10 levels by 50%, while exhibiting excellent hemocompatibility. These findings indicate that SF-RSLNs serve as a multifunctional nanocarrier capable of enhancing resveratrol delivery and accelerating diabetic wound repair.
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Acknowledgements
The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University for funding this work through the Large Research Program under grant number RGP2/233/46. The authors would like to thank the Department of Science and Technology—Fund for Improvement of Science and Technology Infrastructure (DST-FIST) and Promotion of University Research and Scientific Excellence (DST-PURSE) `for the facilities provided for conducting the research.
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The authors, Ms. Bogadi Subhasri, wish to express their gratitude to the Department of Science and Technology (DST-INSPIRE) Fellowship (ID IF200201) application reference no DST/INSPIRE/03/20 21/001920. New Delhi and technically approved by ICMR (Indian Council of Medical Research) with Fellowship ID 2021–8531. Authors also thank the deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia, for funding through the Large Program (grant number RGP-2/233/46)”.
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Subhasri Bogadi: Methodology; Formal Analysis; Investigation, Mohamed Rahamathulla : Conceptualization; Validation; Writing—Review and Editing; Funding Acquisition Gowthamarajan Kuppusamy: Writing—Original Draft Preparation; Project Administration Ali Alamri and Yahya Alhamhoom: Writing—Review and Editing; Visualization Veera Venkata Satyanarayana Reddy Karri: Conceptualization; methodology; Writing—Original Draft Preparation; Supervision, Ismail Pasha and Syeda Ayesha Farhana: Software; Data Curation Mohammed Muqtader Ahmed: Resources; Data Curation.
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Bogadi, S., Rahamathulla, M., Karri, V.V.S.R. et al. Silk fibroin-coated resveratrol solid lipid nanoparticles for diabetic wound healing. Sci Rep (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-39254-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-39254-4


