Table 2 Analysis of the Liberal vs. Conservative Newspapers’ Editorials in Response to the Symbols and Feedback.

From: Home Team Effect and Opinion Network after the Sewol Ferry Disaster: A mixed-method study of the influence of symbol and feedback on liberal versus conservative newspapers’ negative opinions

What to Observe

Newspapers’ Reaction

Liberal

Conservative

Negative Opinion of Park Administration

(President, ruling party, the Blue House)

- 791 times negative opinion

- Focusing on blaming the Park administration

- 303 times negative opinion

- Less negative opinion of the Park administration than the liberal one, blaming the social system, crews, and captain instead

Emotional Symbol

(Condolence to victims)

- 409 times positive opinions of victims

- 188 times positive opinions of victims

Cognitive Symbol

(Retrieved bodies)

- Sometimes offering condolences to victims’ bodies

- Rarely mentioned

Resignation of Prime Minister Chung

(Negative → Positive Feedback)

- Criticizing the President rather than the Prime Minister, saying that the President avoided her responsibility, passing it to the Prime Minister.

- Requesting public employees to do their best even after the Prime Minister’s resignation while offering condolences to the victims.

- Criticizing the administration’s decision to retain Prime Minister Chung’s post, supporting the president’s decision not to appoint a new Prime Minister.

Chasing Mr. Yoo

(Negative → Positive Feedback)

- Criticizing the President, saying that the President and government avoided her responsibility, passing it to Mr. Yoo.

- Criticizing Mr. Yoo and his company, supporting the argument to redirect the cost to him and his family.

- Supporting Yoo Byung-eun Law

Announcing the dismantling Korean Coast Guard (KCG)

(Positive Feedback)

- Criticizing the President, saying that the President avoided her responsibility, passing it to Mr. Yoo’s company, KCG, and MOSPA.

- Emphasizing that the KCG’s role is still important for marine defense even though KCG was dismantled.

- Supporting the president’s decision to dismantle KCG rather than blaming the Park administration.

Passing Bills and Ending Mission (Positive and Negative feedback)

- Offering condolences to the victims.

- Offering condolences to the victims.

- Few mentioned this issue.

Establishing MPSS

(Negative feedback)

- Temporarily criticizing the Park administration because the chief of MPSS came from the military.

- Being cynical of the MPSS rather than criticizing the president.

- Temporarily expressing concerns because the chief of MPSS came from the military.