Table 4 SA of medical students and frequency in CRD.

Time

1. Focus on the time and speed of illness process

Physically he was fast deteriorating.

22/24

91.67%

2. Confirm that the patient is aware of the illness status

She knew she had cancer and was dying.

11/24

45.83%

3. Examine how patients experience sick time

During his hospitalization, he began to write a diary.

15/24

62.50%

Space

4. Analyze the patient’s physical changes (human body is regarded as a space)

… finally able to get out of bed after lying in bed for six weeks.

19/24

79.17%

5. Give spatial information in a region

He sank into a dream woven by the Sahara Desert in the Italian villa.

6/24

25.00%

Voice

6. Identify the different voices

She wanted to stop the medical treatment, but the doctor ignored her.

20/24

83.33%

7. Confirm the speaker’s rights and obligations

She was not listening to him.

9/24

37.50%

8. Notice the gap between the speaker and the listener

…realized that his understanding of life and medicine was wrong.

10/24

41.67%

9. Observe the effects of the speaker’s encounter with the listener

He shook hands with the doctor and accepted what he had said.

16/24

66.67%

10. Identify the voices that influence the patient

Based on the parents who knew him best, …

5/24

20.83%

Metaphor

11. Presume the patient’s wishes

He might reject the treatment.

16/24

66.67%

12. Understand complex and metaphorical expression

The opposition between night and day suggests that one should not bow to death even in old age.

15/24

62.50%

Plot and Situation

13. Know the attitude of the patient

He expected to…

20/24

83.33%

14. Rank the wishes of the patient and others

His needs should come first.

11/24

45.83%

15. Understand the plot and situation deeply

That’s because he can’t take another severe blow.

23/24

95.83%

16. New or changed knowledge

Sometimes, patients only need someone to be with them.

16/24

66.67%

17. Awareness of the rights and interests of the patient

It was not the treatment he wanted.

13/24

54.17%

18. Perceive the patient’s experience

Consulting famous doctors increased his doubts and fears.

13/24

54.17%

Empathy

19. Increase the level of empathy

He’s really struggling because he loves the family.

21/24

87.50%

20. Increase understanding of the elderly and the seriously ill

The greatest pain of a dying man is loneliness.

10/24

41.67%

21. Attention to the patient from multiple perspectives

It’s so kind to console him with his religious belief.

4/24

16.67%

Illness and Death

22. Attention to details of illness and death, such as word choice

“Finally” indicates her husband passed away.

17/24

70.83%

23. Accept and promote the concept of palliative care

… should provide him with the care he expected.

9/24

37.50%

24. Reflect on how to help the ill

Good qualities such as … are especially valuable at the moment.

16/24

66.67%

Medical Behavior

25. Raise the issue of caring for the patients

The doctor probably was waiting for his family to take him home.

12/24

50.00%

26. Notice the patient’s difficulties.

He found it particularly painful that no one felt sorry for him as he had expected.

3/24

12.50%

27. Suggest arrangements or activities for the patient

She can read some poems.

6/24

25.00%

28. Pay attention to the patient’s hobbies or the final wishes

It may be what he wanted most.

15/24

62.50%

29. Reflect on what kind of attitude doctors should have toward the patient

The patients’ feeling is the most important.

18/24

75.00%

Organizational Behavior

30. Invite peers to pay attention and listen

What do you think?

16/24

66.67%

31. Respond to others’ invitation

I partly agree with you, but…

12/24

50.00%

32. Think about communication and connection

The protection of children should extend to the entire society.

18/24

75.00%

33. Share disease information with each other

I found some information about…

14/24

58.33%