Table 9 Family control and CSRPD (Heckman).

From: Corporate social responsibility disclosure in Saudi companies: analysing the impact of board independence in family and non-family companies

Variables

Expected Sign

(1)

(2)

Family

-

−0.004***

−0.003**

  

(0.001)

(0.001)

BIND

+

−0.284

−0.313

  

(0.342)

(0.343)

Family*BIND

?

 

0.042**

   

(0.020)

BSIZE

+

0.020

0.019

  

(0.014)

(0.014)

OWCO

+

0.000

0.000

  

(0.001)

(0.001)

IOW

+

−0.002

−0.004

  

(0.008)

(0.008)

FOWN

+

−0.013

−0.018

  

(0.019)

(0.019)

FAGE

+

0.064

0.082

  

(0.083)

(0.083)

SGROWTH

+

−0.016

−0.025

  

(0.074)

(0.074)

ROA

+

−0.000

0.000

  

(0.005)

(0.005)

FSIZE

+

0.251***

0.250***

  

(0.026)

(0.026)

LEVEG

-

−0.002

−0.002

  

(0.002)

(0.002)

MTB

+

0.041***

0.041***

  

(0.012)

(0.012)

LOSS

-

−0.041

−0.039

  

(0.064)

(0.064)

BETA

-

−0.095***

−0.096***

  

(0.024)

(0.024)

IMR

 

0.059

0.120

  

(0.256)

(0.258)

_cons

?

−3.249***

−3.304***

  

(0.274)

(0.278)

Observations

 

837

837

R-squared

 

0.499

0.501

Year Effects

 

Yes

Yes

Sector Dummies

 

Yes

Yes

  1. The figures enclosed in parentheses are standard errors. ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1