Table 6 Results of Independent Samples T test for the differences between male and female writers in their use of discourse markers.
Metadiscourse markers | Gender | N | Mean | Std. deviation | T test | P Value | Eta sqaured |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Boosters | Male | 59 | 12.59 | 6.349 | −8.191 | <0.001** | 304. Large |
Female | 85 | 22.34 | 7.893 | ||||
Attitude markers | Male | 59 | 15.24 | 5.937 | 6.893 | <0.001** | 251. Large |
Female | 85 | 24.01 | 8.430 | ||||
Hedges | Male | 59 | 8.51 | 4.337 | 2.292 | 0.023* | 036. Medium |
Female | 85 | 10.33 | 4.917 | ||||
Engagement markers | Male | 59 | 3.20 | 2.981 | 0.405 | 0.686 | 1.00 Small |
Female | 85 | 3.00 | 2.948 | ||||
Self-mentions | Male | 59 | 3.59 | 3.696 | −2.863 | 0.005** | 55.0 Small |
Female | 85 | 5.39 | 3.704 |
