Table 4 Benchmark regression result of SYS-GMM.

From: Ecological footprints, carbon emissions, and energy transitions: the impact of artificial intelligence (AI)

 

Model L1

Model L2

Model L3

Variables

lnEF

lnCE

lnETR

L.Y

0.8904***

0.8084***

0.9245***

 

(0.0061)

(0.0110)

(0.0022)

lnAI

−0.0018***

−0.0013***

0.0025***

 

(0.0002)

(0.0002)

(0.0002)

lnFFE

0.0032*

0.0191***

−0.0543***

 

(0.0018)

(0.0013)

(0.0027)

lnEUSE

0.1673***

−0.0698***

−0.0634

 

(0.0235)

(−0.0218)

(0.0484)

lnNRR

−0.1578***

−0.1383***

0.1205***

 

(0.0120)

(0.0097)

(0.0076)

lnURB

0.0094

0.0760***

−0.1843***

 

(0.0066)

(0.0068)

(0.0126)

lnGOV

−0.0060

0.2680***

−0.5796***

 

(0.0121)

(0.0137)

(0.0318)

lnED

0.0594***

0.0698***

−0.0011

 

(0.0044)

(0.0028)

(0.0027)

Constant

−0.4678***

−1.1917***

4.3109***

 

(0.0934)

(0.1161)

(0.2274)

Observations

1,742

1,742

1,742

Number of instruments

105

105

105

Sargan test p

0.9945

0.9943

0.9977

AR(2)

0.7021

0.6015

0.4515

  1. Standard error is shown in parentheses.
  2. ***p < 0.01, *p < 0.1.
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