Table 5 Heterogeneity analysis results according to developmental stage.
High-income countries | Middle-income countries | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(1) | (2) | (3) | (7) | (8) | (9) | |
VARIABLES | lnEF | lnCE | lnES | lnEF | lnCE | lnES |
L.lnY | 0.9191*** | 0.8700*** | 0.9355*** | 0.8274*** | 0.6228*** | 0.6977*** |
(0.0138) | (0.0312) | (0.0032) | (0.0645) | (0.0659) | (0.1130) | |
LNAI | −0.0016*** | −0.0017*** | 0.0053*** | −0.0028*** | −0.0032*** | 0.0001 |
(0.0004) | (0.0002) | (0.0008) | (0.0008) | (0.0006) | (0.0015) | |
LNNRR | 0.0039 | 0.0065*** | −0.0413*** | 0.0119 | 0.0096* | −0.0314*** |
(0.0035) | (0.0022) | (0.0045) | (0.0084) | (0.0057) | (0.0103) | |
LNURB | 0.0152 | −0.0853** | −0.1794 | 0.2371 | −0.5328*** | −1.1349** |
(0.1672) | (0.0378) | (0.1726) | (0.4686) | (0.1433) | (0.4553) | |
LNGOV | −0.0328* | −0.0882*** | 0.1022*** | −0.1641*** | −0.0360** | −0.0293 |
(0.0191) | (0.0131) | (0.0187) | (0.0358) | (0.0182) | (0.1318) | |
LNED | 0.0552*** | 0.0597*** | −0.3360*** | 0.0145 | 0.3376*** | 0.3993*** |
(0.0125) | (0.0108) | (0.0239) | (0.1227) | (0.0394) | (0.1531) | |
LNFES | 0.0658*** | 0.1479*** | −0.1526*** | 0.0346 | 1.3510*** | −0.7495*** |
(0.0250) | (0.0226) | (0.0484) | (0.4668) | (0.3709) | (0.1954) | |
LNEUSE | 0.0811*** | 0.0472*** | −0.0893*** | −0.0608 | 0.0696** | −0.1979 |
(0.0166) | (0.0111) | (0.0108) | (0.1144) | (0.0323) | (0.1533) | |
L.lnY | 0.9191*** | 0.8700*** | 0.9355*** | 0.8274*** | 0.6228*** | 0.6977*** |
(0.0138) | (0.0312) | (0.0032) | (0.0645) | (0.0659) | (0.1130) | |
Constant | −1.1669 | −0.6114*** | 5.1356*** | −0.4338 | −6.2707*** | 6.0620*** |
(0.7441) | (0.1827) | (0.6394) | (2.6129) | (1.5334) | (1.3391) | |
Observations | 1,066 | 1,066 | 1,066 | 676 | 676 | 676 |
Number of id | 41 | 41 | 41 | 26 | 26 | 26 |
