Table 6 The results of the threshold effect test.

From: Ecological footprints, carbon emissions, and energy transitions: the impact of artificial intelligence (AI)

Model

Dependent variable

Threshold variable

Sup Wald p-value

Bootstrap

Threshold value

P-value

95% Conf. interval

Model N1

EF

IND

0.0000

300

3.1903

0.0000

3.0481

3.3325

OPEN

0.0000

300

3.9291

0.0000

3.7520

4.1062

AI

0.0000

300

6.5853

0.0000

5.7064

7.4642

ETR

0.0000

300

1.3581

0.0070

0.3724

2.3439

Model N2

CE

IND

0.0000

300

3.1819

0.0000

3.1637

3.2001

OPEN

0.0000

300

4.0117

0.0000

3.8857

4.1378

AI

0.0000

300

8.0051

0.0000

7.8024

8.2078

ETR

0.0000

300

2.1219

0.0010

0.9152

3.3285

Model N3

ETR

IND

0.0000

300

3.2115

0.0000

3.1661

3.2569

OPEN

0.0000

300

4.4158

0.0000

4.2974

4.5341

AI

0.0000

300

0.7285

0.7250

−3.3362

4.7931

ETR

0.0000

300

2.2916

0.0000

2.1032

2.4799