Table 6 Heterogeneity test on urban characteristics (SA).

From: Can carbon trading policy boost upgrading and optimization of industrial structure? An empirical study based on data from China

 

human

gov

fdi

instr

low

high

low

high

low

high

low

high

treat×post

0.206*** (6.13)

0.225*** (7.61)

0.035 (1.10)

0.326*** (12.03)

0.225*** (4.71)

0.146*** (4.76)

0.176*** (7.78)

0.214*** (6.70)

Constant

−3.697*** (−9.11)

−4.098*** (−10.01)

−3.534*** (−5.38)

−3.090*** (−9.80)

−4.695*** (−10.57)

−2.586*** (−6.16)

−3.404*** (−9.72)

−4.808*** (−11.36)

Control variables

Control

Control

Control

Control

Control

Control

Control

Control

Individual fixed

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Time fixed

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

N

1005

2010

1005

2010

1005

2010

1005

2010

R2

0.768

0.740

0.842

0.692

0.718

0.724

0.767

0.731

  1. Note: In parentheses are the statistical values of t for each coefficient, and *, **, and *** represent the significance levels of 10%, 5%, and 1%, respectively.