Table 4 The evaluation indicators.
Indicator | Factor | Unit | Type | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Global Peace Index—I1 | Stability | Index scale | Non-benefit | (Global Peace Index 2023, 2023) |
Global Occurrences from Natural Disasters, 1900 to 2023—I2 | Quantity | Non-benefit | (“the International Disaster Database,” 2023) | |
Government effectiveness—I3 | Index scale | Benefit | (“World Bank Open Data (2022),”) | |
Rule of law—I4 | Index scale | Benefit | (“World Bank Open Data (2022),”) | |
Graduates in science and engineering—I5 | R&D | % Graduation | Benefit | (“The UNESCO Institute for Statistics database,” 2023) |
Gross expenditure on R&D—I6 | % Gross Domestic Product (GDP) | Benefit | (“The UNESCO Institute for Statistics database,” 2023) | |
Human Capital index—I7 | Index scale | Benefit | (“World Bank Open Data (2022),”) | |
Patents applications—I8 | Quantity | Benefit | (“Intellectual Property Statistics Data Center,” 2023) | |
High-tech Export—I9 | Economic efficiency | % of manufactured exports | Benefit | (“World Bank Open Data (2022),”) |
ICT goods exports—I10 | % total good exports | Benefit | (“Industrial Development Organization,” 2023) | |
GDP—I11 | Billion US$ | Benefit | (“World Bank Open Data (2022),”) | |
E-participation Index—I12 | Technology infrastructure | Index scale | Benefit | (“Intellectual Property Statistics Data Center,” 2023) |
ICT Development index —I13 | Index scale | Benefit | (“Intellectual Property Statistics Data Center,” 2023) | |
Logistics performance index—I14 | Index scale | Benefit | (“Industrial Development Organization,” 2023) | |
Competitive Industrial Performance Index—I15 | Index scale | Benefit | (“Industrial Development Organization,” 2023) |
