Table 1 Instrument.

Industrial Internet Technology

We think the industrial internet is easy to use

Pinheiro et al. (2022), Na et al. (2022)

We think the industrial internet is stable

We think the industrial internet is secure

We believe enterprises need industrial internet hardware (computers, etc.)

We believe that companies need to have the technical capabilities of the industrial internet

Industrial Internet Organization

We think enterprises should develop strategies to implement the industrial internet

Chatterjee et al. (2024), Malik et al. (2021), Zhang et al. (2021)

We think enterprises should collect effective data to implement industrial internet

We think enterprises should integrate industrial Internet into their business strategies

We think enterprises should promote a culture of innovation to advance the industrial internet

Industrial Internet Environment

We think it is important that business partners are willing to use the industrial internet

Malik et al. (2021), Kalaitzi and Tsolakis (2022)

We worry about losing competitive advantage by not implementing the industrial internet

The government offers incentives for implementing the industrial internet

We believe there are opportunities for industrial internet standards/specifications to evolve

Industrial Internet Adoption

We are willing to adopt solutions from the industrial internet

Fonseka et al. (2022), Zhang et al. (2021)

We are willing to adopt the industrial internet to help enterprises make accurate decisions

We are willing to adopt industrial internet to improve enterprise operational efficiency

We are willing to adopt industrial internet to enhance business growth

We are willing to adopt the industrial internet to promote digital transformation

Industrial Internet Integration

Our enterprise integrates the industrial internet into our ICT system to support the design and development

Chen and Chen (2021), Lin (2022)

Our enterprise integrates the industrial internet into our ICT system to support material procurement

Our enterprise integrates the industrial internet into our ICT system to support manufacturing

Our enterprise integrates the industrial internet into our ICT system to support customer management

Industrial Internet Application

Our enterprise applies the industrial internet in our business operations to promote innovation activities

Bag et al. (2021) Belhadi et al. (2024)

Our enterprise applies the industrial internet in our business operations to train employees continuously

Our enterprise applies the industrial internet in our business operations to continuously monitor its use

Our enterprise applies the industrial internet in our business operations to constantly update our platform

Industrial Internet Driven

We think it is very important to use the industrial internet

Chen et al. (2022), Haftor et al. (2021)

Industrial internet can help enterprises discover valuable information

Industrial Internet can help enterprises make effective decisions

Industrial internet can assist in developing new strategies

Enterprise Competitive Advantage

Digital transformation helps to win over our competitor

Chatterjee et al. (2024), Rahman et al. (2022)

Industrial internet can bring more market share

Industrial internet is a part of our overall competitive strategy

Industrial internet helps our enterprise to gain more advantages

Enterprise Performance

The enterprise’s market share has steadily increased

Ali (2023), Kumar et al. (2023)

The enterprise is not currently experiencing financial difficulties

Corporate profitability has increased

Industrial internet improves the innovation capability of our enterprise

Industrial internet improves operational efficiency of our enterprise