Table 4 Discriminant validity.

From: Convenient or risky? Investigating the behavioral intention to use facial recognition payment in smart hospitals

Fornell–Larcker criterion

PE

EE

SI

FC

PC

PR

FA

TIF

PI

BI

Performance expectancy (PE)

0.792

         

Effort expectancy (EE)

0.200

0.764

        

Social influence (SI)

0.220

0.603

0.757

       

Facilitating conditions (FC)

0.246

0.563

0.589

0.744

      

Privacy concerns (PC)

−0.120

−0.445

−0.436

−0.416

0.767

     

Perceived risks (PR)

−0.194

−0.446

-0.427

−0.354

0.503

0.860

    

Familiarity (FA)

0.122

0.268

0.271

0.216

−0.285

−0.360

0.872

   

Trust in FRP (TIF)

0.217

0.546

0.536

0.519

−0.418

−0.360

0.396

0.815

  

Personal innovativeness (PI)

0.142

0.535

0.490

0.531

−0.433

−0.401

0.275

0.492

0.764

 

Behavioral intention to use FRP (BI)

0.319

0.575

0.592

0.592

−0.362

−0.270

0.269

0.557

0.496

0.747

Heterotrait–monotrait ratio

Performance expectancy (PE)

Effort expectancy (EE)

0.256

         

Social influence (SI)

0.281

0.797

        

Facilitating conditions (FC)

0.322

0.753

0.795

       

Privacy concerns (PC)

0.148

0.578

0.573

0.553

      

Perceived risks (PR)

0.229

0.541

0.525

0.440

0.611

     

Familiarity (FA)

0.145

0.324

0.330

0.267

0.344

0.405

    

Trust in FRP (TIF)

0.264

0.680

0.672

0.660

0.515

0.412

0.455

   

Personal innovativeness (PI)

0.182

0.700

0.646

0.707

0.567

0.493

0.335

0.608

  

Behavioral intention to use FRP (BI)

0.411

0.763

0.792

0.803

0.474

0.330

0.328

0.703

0.658

 
  1. Values on diagonal, which are bold, are the square root of AVE. HTMT < 0.85 (Kline, 2023).