Table 14 Decomposition of the spatial effects.

From: Characteristics of the urban environmental regulation network and its impact on carbon emission efficiency in China

Variable

Direct effect

Indirect effect

Total effect

Deg

0.078***

−4.020***

−3.942***

 

(9.32)

(−2.85)

(−2.78)

EC

−0.165***

2.571*

2.406*

 

(−11.10)

(1.79)

(1.67)

Urban

0.179***

−1.547

−1.368

 

(8.50)

(−0.96)

(−0.85)

RGDP

−0.161***

−4.880

−5.041

 

(−4.46)

(−1.23)

(−1.26)

IS

−0.531***

−13.818**

−14.349**

 

(−9.90)

(−2.29)

(−2.37)

Gov

−0.020***

2.290*

2.270*

 

(−2.92)

(1.96)

(1.93)

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