Table 1 Descriptive Summary and Data Description.
Variable | Measurement | Source | Obs | Mean | SD | Min | Max |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Environmental quality | The log of carbon dioxide emissions (metric tons per capita) | WDI | 900 | −1.038 | 1.392 | −4.116 | 2.458 |
FDI | Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% GDP) | WDI | 900 | 3.996 | 4.13 | 0.002 | 16.322 |
Industrialisation | Industry (including construction), value added (annual % growth) | WDI | 900 | 3.288 | 7.194 | −14.557 | 13.446 |
Energy consumption | The log of total energy consumption (Btu) | EIA | 900 | 31.391 | 1.6 | 27.56 | 36.284 |
Institutional quality | PCA output from 6 institutional quality indicators | Author | 900 | 0.013 | 2.18 | −3.338 | 5.290 |
Population density | People per square kilometre of land area | WDI | 900 | 3.584 | 0.461 | 2.11 | 4.497 |
Economic growth | The log of real GDP growth (constant US$, 2015) | WDI | 900 | 7.122 | 0.964 | 5.864 | 9.581 |
Economic growth Squared | Squared of the log of real GDP growth (constant US$, 2015) | Author | 900 | 51.653 | 14.510 | 34.388 | 91.801 |
