Table 2 Pairwise Correlation.

From: FDI, industrialisation and environmental quality in SSA—the role of institutional quality towards environmental sustainability

Variables

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

VIF

(1) logCo2

1.000

      

1.780

(2) FDI

0.146

1.000

     

1.230

(3) INDS

−0.150

0.024

1.000

    

1.170

(4) INSQY

0.430

0.053

0.076

1.000

   

1.110

(5) logTEC

0.337

−0.103

0.106

0.086

1.000

  

1.040

(6) logPoP

0.661

0.251

−0.159

0.180

0.206

1.000

 

1.410

(7) logGDP

0.933

0.129

−0.134

0.414

0.319

0.628

1.000

1.780

Mean VIF

       

1.230

  1. Note: EQ environmental quality, FDI foreign direct investment, INSQY institutional quality index, POP population density, GDP economic growth, EC energy consumption.
  2. Source: Authors’ Computation from Research Data, 2024.
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