Fig. 4: Thermometer ratings towards vaccination supporters and opponents by group status.

The left panel of this figure shows the predicted thermometer ratings towards vaccination supporters (blue) and opponents (magenta) when using a linear regression model with group status (supporters vs. opponents) as the main predictor controlling for age, sex, education, opinion-identity, left–right self-placement, income, and language using standard errors clustered at the cantonal level in 2023. Full models are presented in the supplementary material Table 6. The right panel of this figure shows the predicted thermometer ratings towards COVID-19 vaccination supporters (blue) and opponents (magenta) when using a linear regression model with group status (supporters vs. opponents) as the main predictor controlling for age, sex, education, left–right self-placement, and income using robust standard errors in 2022; Full models presented in supplementary material Table 8. Scale ranges from 0, “very cold and negative” to 10, “very warm and positive”.