Table 1 Description of variables.

Explained variables

Chain

10,491

0.0499

0.0277

0.00769

0.533

Chain1

10,491

0.0644

0.0680

0.00472

0.785

Chain2

10,491

0.0289

0.0111

0.000219

0.969

Chain3

10,491

0.0686

0.0667

8.02e-05

0.940

Explanatory variable

Did

10,491

0.551

0.497

0

1

Mechanism variables

Innova

10,491

3.410

2.074

0

10.33

Tech

10,491

0.0317

0.0126

0

0.343

Colla

9234

0.0007

0.0004

0

0.007

Enterprise control variables

Size

10,491

22.48

1.316

19.52

28.61

Npg

10,491

10.85

1109

−680.2

113,551

Der

10,491

1.124

2.336

0.00758

176.5

Cap

10,491

2.549

4.280

0.0887

289.9

Roe

10,491

0.0719

0.118

−1.837

0.883

Fl

10,491

1.257

8.565

−582.6

85.27

Board

10,491

2.151

0.191

1.386

2.890

Tobinq

10,491

1.972

1.291

0.681

31.40

Dual

10,491

0.227

0.419

0

1

City control variables

Pop

10,491

589.6

243.2

7.179

1143

Fiscal

10,491

0.732

0.206

0.088

1.142

Scien

10,491

0.0317

0.0126

0

0.343

Eco

10,491

8.879

28.950

−20.63

873

lnFin

10,491

3.875

1.647

0

13.53