Table 4 Empowerment.

Self-Skills

° self-observation, self-analysis (Edinova, 2020)

° independently (Khaouja et al., 2019)

° personal development skills (Olo & Correia, 2022)

° self-awareness (Hnatkova et al., 2022)

° metacognitive skills (Caeiro-Rodriguez et al., 2021)

° self-confidence (Pool & Sewell, 2007)

° self-management skills (Rossano et al., 2016)

° personal development (Cinque, 2016)

° interprofessional competence (Picard et al., 2021)

° independence (Smith et al., 2014)

° self-esteem (Pool & Sewell, 2007)

° self-efficacy (Pool & Sewell, 2007; Smith et al., 2014)

° work organization and self-management (Shackleton & Messenger, 2021)

° mental well-being related skills (Kismihók et al., 2022) OR general mental ability (Mainert et al., 2015)

° self-esteem (Melacarne & Nicolaides, 2019)

Entrepreneurship

° entrepreneurship (Olo & Correia, 2022; Pardo-Garcia & Barac, 2020)

° intellectual property and business creation (Freitas et al., 2018)

° risk taking (Hnatkova et al., 2022)

° enterprise, consumer, and end-user orientation, (Rodrigues et al., 2018)

° entrepreneurship (Martins et al., 2021; Smith et al., 2014; Santos et al., 2020; Terzaroli, 2019)

° intrapreneurship (Martins et al., 2021)

° service orientation (Icociu et al., 2019)

° risk assessment/risk taking propensity (Picard et al., 2021; Smith et al., 2014)

° self-entrepreneurship (Vittorio, 2015)

° entrepreneurship (Anastasiu et al., 2017; Pisoni & Renouard 2019; Pisoni G. et al., 2020) OR entrepreneurial skills (Orazbayeva et al., 2019)

Adaptability & Flexibility

° patience (Khasanzyanova, 2017)

° adaptability to changes (Cinque, 2016)

° cognitive flexibility (Icociu et al., 2019)

° responsiveness to change and opportunities (Rodrigues et al., 2018)

° the use of new ways of working (Shackleton & Messenger, 2021)

° adaptability to new situations (Medina et al., 2020)

Creativity & Innovation

° creative (Hnatkova et al., 2022) OR creative thinking (Malik & Setiawan 2015) OR creativity (Khouja et al., 2019; Olo & Correia, 2022; Pardo-Garcia & Barac, 2020)

° creativity (Azzini et al., 2018; Azzini et al., 2019; Icociu et al., 2019; Marrara et al., 2021; Smith et al., 2014)

° innovation (Martins et al., 2021; Smith et al., 2014)

° creative skills (Isaacs, 2015)

° innovation (Anastasiu et al., 2017; Pisoni & Renouard, 2019; Pisoni G. et al., 2020)